medical microbiology test bank

Questions 81

ATI RN

ATI RN Test Bank

medical microbiology test bank Questions

Question 1 of 5

Which of the following characteristics does not refer to the flu vaccine?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because the flu vaccine mainly stimulates systemic immunity, not local immunity. Systemic immunity refers to the immune response throughout the body, while local immunity is specific to a certain area. Choice A is incorrect because the flu vaccine is indeed recommended. Choice B is incorrect as the flu vaccine can be a subunit vaccine, containing only specific antigens. Choice C is incorrect as the flu vaccine is typically administered parenterally, meaning through injection, nasal spray, or oral routes.

Question 2 of 5

The humoral immunity is related to:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because humoral immunity involves the formation of specific antibodies by B cells. B cells differentiate into plasma cells that produce antibodies to target specific antigens. T cells are involved in cell-mediated immunity, not humoral immunity. Choice A is incorrect because T cells do not produce antibodies. Choice C is incorrect as only B cells are responsible for antibody production in humoral immunity. Choice D is incorrect as B cells play a crucial role in the humoral immune response.

Question 3 of 5

A patient with pneumonia had sputum stained by the Gram method. The smear revealed Gram-positive cocci in pairs with a capsule. What is the most likely causative agent?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Streptococcus pneumoniae. This bacterium is a common cause of pneumonia and is known to appear as Gram-positive cocci in pairs with a capsule. The presence of a capsule is a key characteristic of S. pneumoniae. Staphylococcus aureus (B) is a Gram-positive cocci but typically does not have a capsule. Neisseria meningitidis (C) is a Gram-negative diplococcus, not a Gram-positive cocci. Klebsiella pneumoniae (D) is a Gram-negative rod, not a Gram-positive cocci. Therefore, based on the staining pattern and the presence of a capsule, Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most likely causative agent in this case.

Question 4 of 5

Microscopic examination of cerebrospinal fluid revealed Gram-negative diplococci. The patient presented with fever, headache, and neck stiffness. What is the most likely causative agent?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Neisseria meningitidis. This bacterium is a Gram-negative diplococcus commonly associated with meningitis. The patient's symptoms of fever, headache, and neck stiffness are classic signs of meningococcal meningitis. Neisseria meningitidis is known to cause outbreaks in crowded settings. Streptococcus pneumoniae (Choice B) is a common cause of bacterial meningitis but typically appears as Gram-positive cocci. Haemophilus influenzae (Choice C) can also cause meningitis but is more commonly seen in unvaccinated children. Klebsiella pneumoniae (Choice D) is a Gram-negative bacterium but is not a typical causative agent of meningitis.

Question 5 of 5

Sexually transmitted infection, Lymphogranuloma venerum, is caused by:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Chlamydia trachomatis. Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) is caused by Chlamydia trachomatis serovars L1, L2, and L3. These serovars infect the lymphatic system leading to swelling and inflammation. Choice A, Chlamydia pneumoniae, is associated with respiratory infections, not LGV. Choice B, Chlamydia psittaci, causes psittacosis in birds and humans. Choice C, Mycoplasma genitalium, is a separate STI but is not the causative agent for LGV. The key to the correct answer is understanding the specific pathogen responsible for LGV based on its clinical presentation and mode of transmission.

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