free microbiology test bank questions pdf

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Bordetella pertussis. This bacterium is known for causing whooping cough due to its ability to produce toxins that damage the respiratory tract, leading to severe coughing fits. Clostridium tetani causes tetanus, Haemophilus influenzae can cause respiratory infections but not whooping cough, and Staphylococcus aureus is more commonly associated with skin infections. Therefore, A is the correct choice based on its specific association with the disease in question.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Clostridium botulinum and Staphylococcus aureus. Clostridium botulinum produces a potent neurotoxin causing botulism, commonly associated with improperly canned foods. Staphylococcus aureus produces toxins causing symptoms of food poisoning. Bacillus anthracis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis are not typically associated with food poisoning. Treponema pallidum and Neisseria gonorrhoeae are bacteria causing sexually transmitted infections. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae are not directly linked to food poisoning.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: TRUE. The innate immune system is the body's first line of defense against infections and is always active, providing immediate protection without prior exposure to a specific pathogen. It includes physical barriers, such as skin and mucous membranes, and cellular components like phagocytes and natural killer cells. The innate immune response is nonspecific and rapid, providing a crucial initial defense against pathogens. Choice B is incorrect because the innate immune system is always active, even without any prior exposure to pathogens. Choice C is incorrect because the innate immune system is consistently functioning to protect the body, regardless of the situation. Choice D is incorrect as the correct answer is A.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because protozoan emerging and reemerging diseases fall under Group I according to the classification of infectious diseases by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Group I includes diseases caused by newly identified or known infectious agents that have increased in incidence or geographic range. Choice B (Group II) includes diseases that have re-emerged due to antimicrobial resistance or lack of previous vaccination. Choice C (Group III) encompasses diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans, and choice D (Group IV) includes diseases that are caused by re-introduction of eradicated pathogens.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, "All of the above." Clostridium botulinum produces botulinum toxin causing botulism. Salmonella enterica can produce enterotoxins causing food poisoning. Staphylococcus aureus also produces enterotoxins leading to food poisoning. Therefore, all three options can cause food poisoning due to their production of enterotoxins.