basic geriatric nursing test bank

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because swelling in one leg with pitting edema is a classic sign of DVT. Pitting edema suggests fluid accumulation due to compromised venous circulation, which is common in DVT. Bilateral calf tenderness (choice A) is more indicative of muscle strain. Shortness of breath (choice C) is suggestive of a pulmonary embolism, a complication of DVT. Two plus palpable pulses (choice D) indicate good arterial circulation, not DVT.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because sarcopenia, which is the age-related loss of muscle mass and strength, directly impacts balance and mobility in older adults. Muscle weakness from sarcopenia reduces stability and coordination, increasing the risk of falls. This affects functional independence as it limits the ability to perform daily activities safely. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as sarcopenia primarily affects muscle mass and strength, not body fat, lung capacity, or joint stiffness.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Loss of a spouse or close family member. This is the most significant predictor of social isolation in older adults because losing a spouse or close family member can result in decreased social interactions and emotional support. This loss can lead to feelings of loneliness and isolation. Incorrect options: A: Lack of access to healthcare - While lack of access to healthcare can impact overall health, it is not the primary factor contributing to social isolation. B: Limited income and resources - Financial constraints can affect social activities, but they are not as impactful as losing a loved one. D: High levels of physical activity - While physical activity is important for overall well-being, it is not directly correlated with social isolation in older adults.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because limited physical activity and poor nutrition have been consistently linked to cognitive decline in older adults. Physical activity promotes blood flow to the brain, which helps with cognitive function. Additionally, a balanced diet rich in nutrients supports brain health. Genetic predisposition (A) can play a role but is not the most closely associated factor. Social engagement and mental stimulation (C) are beneficial for cognitive health but not the primary factor for decline. Early retirement and lack of work-related stress (D) are not directly linked to cognitive decline.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because clients with hearing loss typically have difficulty hearing high-pitched tones, making it easier for them to respond to low-pitched tones. Low-pitched tones are easier for individuals with hearing loss to perceive due to the nature of hearing loss affecting the ability to hear higher frequencies. Choice B is incorrect as it is a generalization that does not consider the specific nature of hearing loss. Choice C is incorrect because individuals with hearing loss may require various forms of assistance beyond just lip-reading. Choice D is incorrect as individuals with hearing loss generally struggle more with high-pitched tones.