Endocrinology Practice Questions

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Dry skin. In hypothyroidism, the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone, leading to decreased metabolism. This can result in several symptoms, including dry skin due to reduced sweat gland activity. Hyporeflexia (A) is not a common symptom of hypothyroidism. Oily skin (C) is more commonly associated with hyperthyroidism, where thyroid hormone levels are elevated. Excessive hair growth (D) is not typically seen in hypothyroidism; instead, hair loss is a common symptom.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Sertoli cells are responsible for producing and secreting Androgen binding globulin (ABG). They play a crucial role in supporting spermatogenesis by providing structural and nutritional support to developing sperm cells. ABG helps in the transport of testosterone and other androgens within the seminiferous tubules, aiding in the regulation of spermatogenesis. Testosterone is primarily produced by Leydig cells in the testes, not by Sertoli cells, making option A incorrect. Option B, Oestrogen, is mainly synthesized in the ovaries, while Sertoli cells do not produce GnRH (option D), which is secreted by the hypothalamus. Therefore, the correct answer is C, as Sertoli cells are primarily responsible for producing and secreting Androgen binding globulin.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Visual changes such as double vision, reduced vision, tunnel vision are common symptoms of acromegaly due to the enlargement of tissues in the eye sockets affecting the optic nerve. Paresthesia and weakness in the hands (B) are not typical symptoms of acromegaly but may be seen in conditions affecting the peripheral nerves. Diarrhoea (C) and abdominal distention (D) are not associated with acromegaly but may be seen in gastrointestinal disorders.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Purple skin striae. This is the most common sign of Cushing's syndrome due to the excessive production of cortisol leading to thinning of the skin and formation of purple stretch marks. Hirsutism (A) is excessive hair growth, not specific to Cushing's. Obesity (B) can be a symptom, but it is not the most common. Skin hyperpigmentation (D) is seen in Addison's disease, not Cushing's.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Increased parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentration is associated with tetany because PTH helps regulate calcium levels in the blood. When calcium levels are low, PTH is released to stimulate the release of calcium from bones and increase calcium absorption from the intestines. Tetany is characterized by muscle cramps and spasms due to low calcium levels, which can occur when PTH levels are elevated. A: Vitamin D toxicity is associated with high levels of calcium in the blood, not low calcium levels as seen in tetany. B: Rickets is a condition caused by vitamin D deficiency, leading to impaired bone growth and development, not directly related to elevated PTH levels. D: Reduced excretion of phosphate is not directly linked to elevated PTH levels, as PTH primarily regulates calcium levels.