Pharmacology and the Nursing Process Test Bank Free

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 7.35-7.45. Plasma pH typically falls within this range for normal clients. A pH of 7.35-7.45 indicates a slightly alkaline to neutral environment, which is essential for various physiological processes to function optimally. Choices B, C, and D have pH values outside the normal range, indicating either acidic (B and C) or highly alkaline (D) conditions, which would be abnormal and potentially harmful to the body's functioning. Therefore, the normal range for plasma pH is crucial to maintain homeostasis and support overall health.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: potassium chloride. In Addisonian crisis, the adrenal glands do not produce enough cortisol and aldosterone. Potassium levels are typically elevated in Addisonian crisis due to decreased aldosterone. Administering potassium chloride can further increase potassium levels, leading to life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias. Hydrocortisone (B) is essential to replace cortisol, normal saline solution (C) helps with volume resuscitation, and fludrocortisone (D) replaces aldosterone. Administering potassium chloride would exacerbate the hyperkalemia in Addisonian crisis.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Failing to involve the client in the planning process. This is because involving the client in the planning process is crucial for promoting client-centered care and ensuring that the outcomes are realistic and aligned with the client's goals. By engaging the client, the nurse can better understand their preferences and values, leading to more effective planning and goal setting. Choice B is incorrect as collecting data to establish a database is related to assessment, not outcome identification and planning. Choice C is incorrect as stating specific and measurable outcomes based on nursing diagnoses is actually a key component of effective outcome identification and planning. Choice D is incorrect as writing clear nursing orders, although important, is more related to implementation rather than outcome identification and planning.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: canned tomato juice. Canned tomato juice is high in sodium content, which would not be suitable for a patient on a 2 gm sodium diet for heart failure. Sodium restriction is crucial in managing heart failure to reduce fluid retention and strain on the heart. Whole wheat bread, beef tenderloin strips, and apples are lower in sodium content compared to canned tomato juice, making them more appropriate choices for someone on a low-sodium diet.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hyperkalemia. In hemodialysis, potassium levels can be elevated due to impaired renal excretion. High potassium can lead to muscle weakness and numbness. The client's K level of 5.9 mEq/L is above the normal range (3.5-5.0 mEq/L), confirming hyperkalemia. Na, Cl, and Ca levels are within normal limits, ruling out hypernatremia, hypochloremia, and hypocalcemia as the client's primary electrolyte imbalance. Monitoring and managing hyperkalemia are crucial to prevent life-threatening complications like cardiac arrhythmias.