health assessment test bank

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Correct Answer: C - Administer IV fluids Rationale: 1. Assess patient's fluid status and hydration level. 2. IV fluids help maintain adequate hydration during hemodialysis. 3. Prevents hypotension and ensures stable blood pressure during the procedure. 4. Improves overall hemodialysis efficiency and patient safety. Summary: A: Checking patency is important, but not the primary intervention for hemodialysis. B: Monitoring for bleeding is crucial but not specific to AVF assessment. D: Applying an airtight dressing is not necessary for AVF assessment.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Hypertension can lead to various complications affecting the heart, kidneys, and brain. Monitoring for heart failure is crucial due to the increased workload on the heart. Chronic kidney disease is a common complication of hypertension, as the kidneys are sensitive to changes in blood pressure. Stroke is another significant risk due to the potential damage to blood vessels in the brain. Therefore, monitoring for all these complications is essential in managing a patient with hypertension. Other choices are incorrect as they do not encompass all possible complications of hypertension.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Administer IV fluids. In acute renal failure, the priority is to maintain adequate hydration to support kidney function. IV fluids help improve renal perfusion and urine output. Monitoring vital signs is important but not the priority. Performing a kidney function test can provide valuable information but does not address the immediate need for fluid resuscitation. Administering IV antibiotics may be necessary if there is an infection contributing to renal failure, but hydration takes precedence. In summary, administering IV fluids is crucial to support kidney function in acute renal failure, making it the top priority among the choices given.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Scurvy. Scurvy is caused by a deficiency in vitamin C, which is essential for collagen synthesis. Without enough vitamin C, collagen production is impaired, leading to symptoms like bleeding gums, fatigue, and joint pain. Incorrect Choices: A: Rickets is caused by a deficiency in vitamin D, not vitamin C. B: Marasmus is a severe form of malnutrition due to inadequate intake of calories and protein, not specifically vitamin C. C: Kwashiorkor is a form of severe acute malnutrition typically caused by inadequate protein intake, not vitamin C deficiency. In summary, the correct answer is D (Scurvy) because it directly relates to inadequate intake of vitamin C, while the other choices are associated with different nutrient deficiencies.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Psoriasis. Psoriasis is characterized by red, scaly patches on the skin, which align with the symptoms described. Psoriasis commonly affects the lower legs and is associated with severe itching. Eczema (choice B) is characterized by red, inflamed, and itchy skin patches, but typically presents differently from psoriasis. Contact dermatitis (choice C) is a localized reaction that occurs when the skin comes into contact with an irritant or allergen, and fungal infections (choice D) typically present with itching, redness, and sometimes peeling skin, but not necessarily scaly patches like psoriasis.