Nursing Process Test Bank

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Salicylate preparations. Salicylate can potentiate the effects of insulin, leading to hypoglycemia. Therefore, the nurse should instruct the client to avoid this over-the-counter preparation when on insulin therapy. Antacids (A), vitamins with iron (B), and acetaminophen preparations (C) do not typically interact with insulin in a significant way.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because playing card games with friends is a low-energy activity suitable for someone with decreased energy due to chemotherapy. This option promotes social interaction and mental stimulation, addressing the deficient diversional activity. B, bowling with a team, involves physical activity and may be too strenuous for someone with decreased energy. C, taking a long trip, requires significant energy and may not be feasible. D, eating lunch in a restaurant, does not address the need for diversional activity and is not specific to the client's energy limitations.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because a regular diet with extra fruits and green vegetables can provide essential nutrients for overall health, potassium-sparing diuretics can help manage potassium levels in the body, and discontinuing oral magnesium salts can prevent further complications in the patient. Option A focuses on promoting a healthy diet, B addresses specific medication for potassium management, and C avoids potential interactions with magnesium salts. Therefore, all of the measures (A, B, and C) are necessary for comprehensive management of the patient's condition.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Pneumonia Carnii. Pulmonary complications in AIDS patients are commonly caused by Pneumocystis jirovecii (previously known as Pneumocystis carinii) pneumonia. This opportunistic infection targets the lungs of immunocompromised individuals, leading to severe respiratory issues. Kaposi's Sarcoma (A) is a cancer commonly seen in AIDS patients but does not directly cause pulmonary complications. Filterable Virus (C) is a vague term and not a known cause of pulmonary issues in AIDS patients. Staphylococcus bacteria (D) can cause infections in AIDS patients but is less common than Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in causing pulmonary complications.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Monitor for fatigue, muscle weakness, restlessness, and flushed skin. The patient is at risk for dehydration due to the combination of high temperature, age, and thiazide diuretic use. Thiazide diuretics can lead to electrolyte imbalances, including hypokalemia, which can cause symptoms such as muscle weakness and fatigue. Monitoring for signs of dehydration and electrolyte imbalances is crucial in this scenario to prevent complications. A: Making sure he drinks 8 glasses of water a day is not the priority as he is already at risk for dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. C: Hyperchloremia is not a common concern in this scenario based on the given lab values. D: Neurologic changes may occur in severe cases of electrolyte imbalances but monitoring for physical symptoms such as fatigue and muscle weakness is more relevant at this stage.