Ethics and Issues in Contemporary Nursing PDF

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because including copies of diplomas awarded by colleges/universities provides evidence of the nurse's education and qualifications. This helps to showcase the nurse's academic achievements and credibility to potential employers. Choice B (copies of college transcripts) may not be necessary as diplomas are a more concise representation of education attainment. Choice C (personal photograph) is not typically required in a professional portfolio and may introduce bias in the selection process. Choice D (letters of recognition for scoring high on national achievement tests) are not essential for demonstrating nursing skills and qualifications relevant to the job.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because the use of restraints on a client should only be done with proper authorization. Physician orders following a medical evaluation ensure that the decision is based on clinical necessity. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not provide valid reasons for using restraints. Insufficient staffing, confusion, and family requests are not appropriate justifications for restraining a client. It is essential to prioritize the client's safety and well-being while following proper protocols and guidelines.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: paternalism. Paternalism occurs when a physician overrides a patient's autonomy in favor of what they believe is best for the patient. In this scenario, the physician is not respecting the client's wishes and is making decisions based on their own judgment, which is characteristic of paternalism. Autonomy (A) refers to respecting the patient's right to make their own decisions. Beneficence (B) is the principle of doing good for the patient, but in this case, it is being overshadowed by the physician's paternalistic approach. Justice (C) refers to fairness in healthcare distribution, which is not applicable in this context.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: increased trustworthiness. Acculturation in nursing involves gaining experience and knowledge from various sources, leading to increased credibility and trustworthiness among patients, colleagues, and the healthcare team. This ongoing process helps nurses build rapport and establish trust with diverse patient populations. Explanation for why the other choices are incorrect: B: While enhanced ability to consider many aspects of ethical situations is important in nursing, it is not directly related to the outcome of increased trustworthiness. C: Confidence in making decisions based on experience and ethical intelligence is valuable, but it does not directly lead to increased trustworthiness. D: Improved clinical decision making and advocacy for patient autonomy are crucial aspects of nursing practice, but they do not specifically address the outcome of increased trustworthiness that comes from acculturation.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer (C): The correct answer is C because individuals covered under Medicaid, especially those living in poverty, often face barriers to timely healthcare access. Due to financial constraints and lack of awareness, this mother may delay seeking care, leading to a more advanced stage of breast cancer. This delay can result in the need for hospitalization for a mastectomy, which could have been avoided with early detection and treatment. Medicaid coverage does not necessarily guarantee prompt healthcare access, especially for preventive services like mammography. Summary of Incorrect Choices: A: This choice is incorrect because individuals covered by Medicaid, especially those facing financial hardships, may have limited access to preventive services like mammography due to various barriers. B: Having designated primary care and a specialist does not necessarily ensure timely care access, especially for individuals living in poverty and covered under Medicaid. D: This choice is incorrect as individuals covered by Medicaid generally have better access to healthcare services compared to the uninsured population, although they may still face barriers to