Foundations and Adult Health Nursing Study Guide Answers

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: When communicating with a patient from a different cultural background, the nurse should prioritize recognizing and respecting the patient's cultural beliefs and practices. This is essential in providing culturally competent care, fostering trust and rapport with the patient, and ultimately improving health outcomes. By acknowledging and understanding the cultural context of the patient, the nurse can adapt communication strategies, address the patient's needs effectively, and avoid misunderstandings or misinterpretations. Building a culturally sensitive approach can enhance the quality of care and strengthen the therapeutic relationship between the nurse and patient.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The patient's presentation of sudden-onset weakness and sensory loss on one side of the body, along with difficulty speaking and understanding speech that partially resolved within one hour, is consistent with a transient ischemic attack (TIA). TIAs are caused by temporary disruption of blood flow to a part of the brain, leading to transient neurological symptoms. Unlike an ischemic stroke, which results in permanent damage to brain tissue due to prolonged interruption of blood flow, TIAs are transient and resolve within 24 hours. Hemorrhagic strokes and subarachnoid hemorrhages typically present with sudden, severe headaches, and may not improve or resolve quickly as seen in this case.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: A correlational research design is most appropriate when the aim is to find a relationship between two variables. Correlational studies examine how variables are related to each other without manipulating them. This design allows researchers to determine the strength and direction of the relationship between variables, providing valuable insights into the potential associations between different factors. Phenomenological studies focus on understanding individuals' experiences, exploratory studies investigate a topic without predefined hypotheses, and experimental studies involve manipulating variables to observe their effects. Therefore, in the context of aiming to find a relationship between two variables, a correlational research design is the most suitable choice.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The nurse's best response in this situation is to listen actively to the patient's concerns, acknowledge the inconvenience they are experiencing, and offer support. It is essential to validate the patient's feelings and show empathy towards their frustration. By actively listening and addressing the patient's concerns, the nurse can help alleviate some of their frustration and build a positive rapport with the patient. This approach demonstrates respect for the patient's feelings and promotes effective communication in the healthcare setting. Dismissing or ignoring the patient's frustration can lead to further dissatisfaction and impact the quality of care provided.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Acute splenic sequestration crisis is a complication seen in patients with sickle cell disease characterized by the sudden pooling of sickled red blood cells in the spleen, leading to splenic enlargement, severe anemia, and hypovolemic shock. This pooling results in a rapid drop in hemoglobin levels, causing anemia. The spleen's sequestration of large numbers of red blood cells can cause a sudden rise in the number of immature red blood cells (reticulocytes) in the blood (reticulocytosis). The destruction of these trapped red blood cells in the spleen leads to hemolysis, evidenced by elevated indirect bilirubin levels and the presence of Howell-Jolly bodies (nuclear remnants of erythrocytes) on peripheral blood smear. Patients may present with severe abdominal pain, fever, jaundice, and signs of hemodynamic instability, which