ATI RN
Medical Surgical Nursing Concepts and Practice Test Bank Questions
Question 1 of 5
What is the most common clinical manifestation of coronary artery disease?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The most common clinical manifestation of coronary artery disease is chest pain, also known as angina pectoris. This pain is typically described as a pressure, squeezing, tightness, or heaviness in the chest that may radiate to the arms, neck, jaw, shoulders, or back. It is usually triggered by physical exertion or emotional stress and is relieved by rest or medications such as nitroglycerin. Chest pain occurs due to reduced blood flow to the heart muscles caused by atherosclerosis in the coronary arteries. While dyspnea (shortness of breath), irritability, and tachycardia (rapid heart rate) can also be associated with coronary artery disease, chest pain is the hallmark symptom that often prompts individuals to seek medical attention for further evaluation.
Question 2 of 5
A baby will be having surgery to correct a congenital heart defect. On which topic should the parents be instructed regarding the care of the child before surgery?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: It is crucial for parents to be instructed on preventing exposure to infection before their baby's surgery to correct a congenital heart defect. Infections can pose a serious risk to individuals, especially those with preexisting medical conditions like a congenital heart defect. Infection control measures, such as handwashing, avoiding sick contacts, and keeping the environment clean, can help reduce the risk of postoperative complications due to infections. This instruction is important to help ensure the successful outcome of the baby's surgery and recovery process. It is essential for parents to be vigilant in maintaining a hygienic environment and taking necessary precautions to prevent their baby from getting sick prior to the surgery.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is teaching a group of pregnant clients regarding seizures associated with eclampsia. Which statement associated with eclampsia are accurate?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In eclampsia, seizures can occur due to the underlying hypertensive crisis affecting the brain. A classic grand mal seizure consists of two phases: the tonic phase and the clonic phase. During the tonic phase, there is a sudden loss of consciousness and muscle tone, leading to the person falling down. The clonic phase follows the tonic phase and is characterized by rhythmic, repetitive muscle contractions and relaxation. Therefore, the accurate statement about the characteristics of a grand mal seizure in the context of eclampsia is that the clonic phase is evidenced by muscular contraction and rigidity.
Question 4 of 5
A client reports morning headaches that extend into the neck and go away as the day wears on. Based on this initial data, which assessment finding does the nurse anticipate?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Morning headaches that extend into the neck and subside as the day progresses can be indicative of elevated blood pressure, which is a common cause of morning headaches. Increased blood pressure can cause headaches that are usually worse in the morning due to the body's natural circadian rhythms. Monitoring the client's blood pressure and assessing for other signs of hypertension would be important in this case. Tachycardia, otitis media, and swollen lymph nodes are less likely to be associated with the described symptoms.
Question 5 of 5
A client diagnosed with peripheral vascular disease (PVD) is obese, has a 30-year history of cigarette smoking, and works as a contractor. When discussing risk factors for PVD, which statement by the nurse is appropriate?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The statement "Nicotine causes vasospasms, which reduce blood flow to the legs" is the most appropriate response when discussing risk factors for PVD with a client who is obese, has a history of smoking, and works as a contractor. Nicotine in cigarette smoke can lead to constriction or narrowing of blood vessels, including those in the legs, which can reduce blood flow to the lower extremities. This can contribute to the development and progression of peripheral vascular disease (PVD) in individuals with a history of smoking. Identifying and educating the client about this specific risk factor related to their smoking history is important in managing their condition and preventing further complications.
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