Contemporary Issues in Nursing

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: the federally coordinated National Disaster Medical System (NDMS). This system is specifically designed to provide medical care and support during disasters, including incidents involving mass casualties like the suicide bombing in the question. NDMS can rapidly deploy medical teams, equipment, and supplies to support local medical responses. Choice B is incorrect because local homeland communities may not have the necessary resources and capabilities to handle a large-scale medical emergency like this. Choice C is incorrect because while the Medical Reserve Corps can provide additional support, it may not have the same level of coordination and resources as the NDMS. Choice D is incorrect as the National Incident Management System focuses on overall coordination of all emergency response efforts, not specifically medical care.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Atropa belladonna. Atropine is derived from Atropa belladonna plant. Atropa belladonna contains alkaloids which are used in modern medicine for various purposes. Digitalis purpurea (A) is known for digitalis, Cephaelis ipecacuanha (B) for ipecacuanha, and Rauwolfia serpentina (C) for reserpine, not atropine. Therefore, D is the correct choice for this question.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because the Affordable Care Act of 2011 aimed to provide health care benefits to millions who were previously uninsurable or unable to afford insurance. This is in line with the main goal of the act, which was to increase access to affordable health care for Americans. Choice A is incorrect as the act does not mandate educational requirements for nurses. Choice C is incorrect as the act does not specifically cap the amount that hospitals and physicians can charge for procedures. Choice D is incorrect as the act focuses on expanding access to health insurance rather than directly subsidizing private insurance companies to reduce costs for individuals with chronic illnesses.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: root cause analysis. Root cause analysis involves identifying the underlying causes of an incident to prevent its recurrence. In this scenario, the nurse and manager are examining factors contributing to the infant falling off the scale. They are looking beyond the immediate event to understand the systemic issues that led to the incident, such as the need for additional staff during multiple births and the placement of the scale far from the delivery field. By conducting a root cause analysis, they aim to address these underlying issues and prevent similar incidents in the future. A: Standardization of care refers to consistent application of best practices, which is not the focus of the nurse and manager's actions in this situation. C: Process variation involves analyzing inconsistencies in processes, which is not the primary concern in this incident. D: Analysis of a deployment flowchart examines the flow of resources in a process, which is not directly related to identifying the root causes of the incident.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: control group. In this study design, Group 3 serves as the control group to compare the effects of music therapy and life review therapy on memory. The control group does not receive any intervention, allowing researchers to isolate the impact of the therapies. This helps determine if any observed improvements in memory are due to the therapies and not other factors. A pilot study (A) is a small-scale preliminary investigation, not a comparison group. A survey (B) is a data collection method, not a comparison group. A needs assessment (C) is used to determine needs, not a comparison group. Thus, the control group is essential in research to establish causal relationships.