Contemporary Issues in Nursing

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Vaccines and Level B Personal Protection Equipment (PPE). In the preparedness phase for a terrorist attack using anthrax, vaccines are crucial for prevention. Level B PPE provides respiratory protection and skin protection against anthrax spores. This is essential for healthcare workers and first responders. Choice B is incorrect as it mentions treatment for burns, which is not relevant to anthrax exposure. Decontamination and Level A PPE are not specifically needed for anthrax. Choice C is incorrect as it mentions radioactive fallout, which is not relevant to anthrax. Social distancing is also not effective in preventing anthrax exposure. Choice D is incorrect as it mentions incendiary devices and treatment for burns, which are not related to anthrax exposure. Identifying and detecting propellants is also not relevant to anthrax preparedness.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Atropa belladonna. Atropine is derived from Atropa belladonna plant. Atropa belladonna contains alkaloids which are used in modern medicine for various purposes. Digitalis purpurea (A) is known for digitalis, Cephaelis ipecacuanha (B) for ipecacuanha, and Rauwolfia serpentina (C) for reserpine, not atropine. Therefore, D is the correct choice for this question.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: founding the American Red Cross. Clara Barton is renowned for establishing the American Red Cross in 1881, providing humanitarian aid during times of war and disaster. This is the most accurate choice as it aligns with her significant contribution to society. Choice A is incorrect as Clara Barton was not the first black public health nurse. Choice B is incorrect as the Henry Street Settlement was founded by Lillian Wald. Choice D is incorrect as while Clara Barton did advocate for improvements in nursing education, her most notable accomplishment was the establishment of the American Red Cross.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because large doses of calcium causing cerebral plaques to form can potentially mask the atrophy of the brain, which is a common indicator of dementia on imaging studies. This interference could delay the detection of dementia. Choice B is incorrect because excess folic acid would not mask a vitamin B deficiency that could lead to dementia. Choice C is incorrect as hypnotherapy focusing on current thoughts would not necessarily eliminate clues to past cognitive decline. Choice D is incorrect because there is no evidence that the electrical current from magnetic fields interferes with normal brain waves in a way that would cause confusion and inability to concentrate.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: utilitarianism. Utilitarianism is the ethical principle that actions should be chosen based on their ability to maximize overall happiness or well-being. In this scenario, implementing hypertension screening and treatment for a community where most residents are hypertensive aligns with utilitarianism as it aims to benefit the greatest number of people by improving their health outcomes. This decision focuses on the overall good of the community, making it the most ethical choice. Rationale for why other choices are incorrect: A: Veracity is the principle of truthfulness. While honesty is important in healthcare decision-making, it is not the primary factor in this scenario. B: Values refer to personal beliefs and principles. While values may influence decision-making, the primary focus in this scenario is on maximizing community health outcomes. D: Autonomy is the principle of respecting individuals' right to make their own decisions. While autonomy is important in healthcare, it is not the guiding principle in this scenario where the focus is