Adult Health Nursing Test Bank

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Identify and count cases. In the initial stages of an outbreak investigation, it is crucial to identify and count cases to understand the scope and magnitude of the outbreak. By counting cases, Nurse Rona and her team can track the spread of the disease, identify common characteristics among those affected, and determine the extent of the outbreak. This step helps in guiding further investigation and control measures. Summary of other choices: B: Define and identify cases - While defining cases is important, it is not the initial step in outbreak investigation. C: Verify diagnosis - Verifying diagnosis is important but comes after identifying and counting cases. D: Prepare for field work - Field work is important in outbreak investigations, but it typically comes after the initial step of identifying and counting cases.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Identify and count cases. In the initial stages of an outbreak investigation, it is crucial to identify and count cases to understand the scope and magnitude of the outbreak. By counting cases, Nurse Rona and her team can track the spread of the disease, identify common characteristics among those affected, and determine the extent of the outbreak. This step helps in guiding further investigation and control measures. Summary of other choices: B: Define and identify cases - While defining cases is important, it is not the initial step in outbreak investigation. C: Verify diagnosis - Verifying diagnosis is important but comes after identifying and counting cases. D: Prepare for field work - Field work is important in outbreak investigations, but it typically comes after the initial step of identifying and counting cases.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Subarachnoid hemorrhage. This condition presents with sudden-onset severe headache, vomiting, and altered mental status due to bleeding in the subarachnoid space. This type of hemorrhage is typically noncontrast-enhancing on imaging. A: Ischemic stroke does not typically present with sudden-onset severe headache and vomiting. B: Subdural hematoma usually presents with a slower onset of symptoms and often develops after head trauma. C: Intracerebral hemorrhage presents with focal neurological deficits rather than altered mental status and vomiting. In summary, based on the sudden onset of symptoms, imaging findings, and clinical presentation, subarachnoid hemorrhage is the most likely diagnosis in this case.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Bleeding. Chemotherapy can lead to low platelet counts (thrombocytopenia), increasing the risk of bleeding. The priority goal of the nurse is to prevent bleeding by taking precautions such as avoiding invasive procedures, using soft toothbrushes, and monitoring for signs of bleeding. Infection (B) is important but not the priority as bleeding can be life-threatening. Hypotension (C) is not directly related to thrombocytopenia. Diarrhea (D) is a potential side effect of chemotherapy but is not the priority when considering thrombocytopenia.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Osteoporosis. Long-term use of inhaled corticosteroids can lead to decreased bone density and an increased risk of osteoporosis. Corticosteroids can interfere with calcium absorption and bone formation, resulting in bone weakening. Oral thrush (Choice A) is a common side effect of inhaled corticosteroids, but it is not associated with long-term use. Hypertension (Choice B) and hyperglycemia (Choice C) are more commonly seen with systemic corticosteroid use rather than inhaled corticosteroids.