Adult Health Nursing Study Guide Answers

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Delegation by succession is the act of assigning a specific task or responsibility to someone temporarily while the usual person in charge is absent or unavailable. In this scenario, the unit manager is delegating her responsibilities to her assistant unit manager while she is on leave, indicating a temporary transfer of duties. This allows for a smooth continuity of operations within the unit during the manager's absence.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Carpal tunnel syndrome is a condition caused by compression of the median nerve in the wrist. The surgical procedure commonly performed to treat carpal tunnel syndrome is called median nerve release or carpal tunnel release. During this surgery, the transverse carpal ligament is divided to relieve pressure on the median nerve, reducing symptoms such as pain, numbness, and tingling in the hand and fingers. The goal of this procedure is to improve nerve function and reduce symptoms associated with carpal tunnel syndrome.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In collecting a sputum specimen, the nurse should instruct Roy to breathe slowly, cough, and then expectorate into the specimen container. This ensures that the sputum sample is collected from the lower respiratory tract where it is most likely to contain pathogens or other relevant substances for analysis. By instructing Roy to breathe slowly, it helps him to take deep breaths and effectively cough to produce a good sputum sample. Additionally, asking him to expectorate directly into the specimen container helps prevent contamination from saliva or other sources, ensuring the accuracy of the specimen collected for testing.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Natural killer (NK) cells play a vital role in the innate immune response by identifying and eliminating virus-infected cells, as well as tumor cells, without the need for prior exposure or activation. NK cells are able to detect abnormal cells by recognizing changes in the cell surface molecules, such as downregulation of MHC class I molecules. Once activated, NK cells release cytotoxic granules containing perforin and granzyme, leading to the destruction of the target cell. This direct killing mechanism is crucial for controlling viral infections and preventing the development of tumors. NK cells do not produce antibodies (option B), present antigens to T cells (option C), or release cytokines to recruit other immune cells (option D) as their primary function in the immune response.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Clients undergoing nasogastric suctioning are at highest risk for developing metabolic imbalances, specifically metabolic acidosis. Nasogastric suctioning can lead to the loss of gastric acid, which in turn can cause metabolic acidosis due to a decrease in bicarbonate levels in the body. This disruption in the acid-base balance can result in symptoms such as confusion, headache, and overall malaise. It is crucial for the nurse to monitor the client's acid-base status closely and provide appropriate interventions to prevent or correct metabolic acidosis.