Adult Health Nursing Study Guide Answers

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is a precancerous condition of the cervix characterized by the presence of abnormal cells on the surface of the cervix. These abnormal cells are often classified as low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) on cytology. CIN is not yet cervical cancer but can progress to invasive cancer if left untreated. LSIL is indicative of mild dysplasia or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 1 (CIN 1), which is considered a precancerous lesion. Therefore, the presence of abnormal cervical cells classified as LSIL is more likely to be associated with CIN rather than cervical cancer, cervicitis, or cervical polyps.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Natural killer (NK) cells play a vital role in the innate immune response by identifying and eliminating virus-infected cells, as well as tumor cells, without the need for prior exposure or activation. NK cells are able to detect abnormal cells by recognizing changes in the cell surface molecules, such as downregulation of MHC class I molecules. Once activated, NK cells release cytotoxic granules containing perforin and granzyme, leading to the destruction of the target cell. This direct killing mechanism is crucial for controlling viral infections and preventing the development of tumors. NK cells do not produce antibodies (option B), present antigens to T cells (option C), or release cytokines to recruit other immune cells (option D) as their primary function in the immune response.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The clinical presentation of recurrent fever, sore throat, cervical lymphadenopathy, leukocytosis with atypical lymphocytes, and positive heterophile antibody test (Monospot test) is highly indicative of infectious mononucleosis caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). EBV is a member of the herpesvirus family and is a common cause of infectious mononucleosis. The atypical lymphocytes seen on peripheral blood smear are reactive T lymphocytes responding to the EBV infection. The Monospot test detects heterophile antibodies produced in response to EBV infection.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In a conscious trauma patient with a suspected head injury, maintaining cervical spine immobilization is crucial. The presence of a head injury raises concerns for potential concomitant cervical spine injury. Therefore, it is vital to prevent any movement of the cervical spine to avoid exacerbating a potential spinal cord injury. Maintaining immobilization involves stabilizing the patient's head and neck in a neutral position until appropriate imaging studies can assess the extent of any spinal injury. This action helps prevent further harm and ensures the safety of the patient during assessment and management of their injuries.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: By endorsing a detergent product on a TV commercial wearing a mini skirt and a plunging neckline shirt, Ms. Sanchez is violating the code of ethics for nurses. The code of ethics for nurses includes provisions that promote professionalism, respect, and integrity in the nursing profession. As a new nursing graduate, Ms. Sanchez has a responsibility to uphold the dignity and reputation of the nursing profession, and endorsing a product in a manner that may compromise her professional image goes against these principles. Nurses are expected to maintain a professional appearance and behavior that reflects positively on the profession and does not undermine public trust in their abilities as healthcare providers. Therefore, Ms. Sanchez's actions in this scenario are in violation of the code of ethics for nurses.