Contemporary Ethical Issues in Nursing

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: bloodborne disease. Health care workers are at risk for exposure to bloodborne pathogens such as HIV and hepatitis B and C. Prevention strategies include proper use of personal protective equipment and adherence to infection control protocols. Bloodborne diseases can have serious consequences on the health and well-being of healthcare workers, leading to mortality and morbidity if not properly prevented. Explanation for incorrect choices: A: Suicide - While mental health is an important concern, it is not specifically related to mortality among healthcare workers. B: Violence related injury - While workplace violence is a concern, it may not be the leading cause of mortality among healthcare workers. D: Ergonomic hazards - While important for preventing injuries, it may not directly relate to mortality among healthcare workers compared to bloodborne diseases.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step 1: Managing variances in nursing overtime costs and supply usage is crucial for a nurse manager's performance evaluation as it demonstrates their ability to control expenses effectively. Step 2: This component directly relates to the nurse manager's responsibility in budgeting and financial management. Step 3: Analyzing and managing variances show the nurse manager's skill in monitoring and adjusting budgetary allocations to meet targets. Step 4: Other choices are not directly related to the nurse manager's core responsibilities in budgeting or evaluating performance. Step 5: Labor budget costs for overtime and benefits (Choice A) and predicting revenues (Choice C) are important but not as directly tied to performance evaluation as managing variances in costs. Step 6: Providing qualitative analysis for variances in the capital budget (Choice D) is not typically a key aspect of a nurse manager's evaluation, as it focuses more on long-term investments rather than day-to-day operational budgeting.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step 1: A manager focuses on coordinating resources, such as people, time, and materials, to achieve organizational goals. Step 2: Coordinating resources is a key responsibility of a manager, as it involves planning, organizing, and controlling to ensure efficient operations. Step 3: Leaders, on the other hand, focus on setting a vision, inspiring and motivating others to achieve goals. Step 4: While both leaders and managers play crucial roles, the distinction lies in their primary focus and responsibilities. Step 5: Therefore, the correct answer is C, as it accurately reflects the key difference between a leader and a manager.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Florence Nightingale. Occupational health nursing shares beliefs with Florence Nightingale as she emphasized the importance of proper sanitation, hygiene, and preventive care in nursing practice. Nightingale's focus on maintaining a healthy environment aligns with the core principles of occupational health nursing. Lillian Wald is known for her work in public health nursing, Clara Barton for founding the American Red Cross, and Mary Seacole for her contributions during the Crimean War. While these pioneers made significant contributions to nursing, their beliefs and focus areas differ from those of occupational health nursing.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step 1: The correct answer is A because nurses now face challenges in coordinating care for a more diverse aging population. This is due to the increasing complexity of health issues and values among this demographic. Step 2: As the aging population grows, nurses must be equipped to address the unique needs and preferences of diverse individuals, which requires a deep understanding of cultural, social, and health-related factors. Step 3: Nurses need to adapt their care delivery strategies to provide patient-centered care that considers the individual's values, beliefs, and preferences. This includes coordinating care across different healthcare settings and disciplines to ensure holistic and effective care. Summary: Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not address the specific challenges faced by nurses graduating now, which primarily revolve around managing the complexities of caring for a diverse aging population with varying health values.