geriatric nursing exam questions with rationale

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Correct Answer: C - Maintain blood pressure below 120/70 mm Hg. Rationale: 1. Older African American individuals are at higher risk for hypertension. 2. African American men have a higher prevalence of hypertension compared to other demographic groups. 3. Hypertension is a common health issue among Jamaican individuals. 4. Keeping blood pressure below 120/70 mm Hg helps prevent complications like stroke and heart disease. Summary: A. Attributing illness to voodoo is culturally inappropriate and lacks evidence-based practice. B. Improving social relationships may be beneficial but is not directly related to the man's health needs. D. Reviewing magicoreligious systems is not relevant to addressing the man's health issues like hypertension.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because measuring gait speed, grip strength, and weight loss are key components of assessing frailty in older adults. Gait speed reflects physical function, grip strength indicates muscle weakness, and unintentional weight loss signifies nutritional deficits, all of which are common indicators of frailty. Evaluating cognitive decline and social isolation (choice A) is important but not specific to frailty assessment. Presence of depression and anxiety (choice C) may contribute to frailty but do not directly assess it. Monitoring hydration and electrolyte levels (choice D) is important for overall health but not specific to frailty assessment.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Depression. Depression is a strong predictor of functional decline in older adults because it can lead to decreased motivation, social withdrawal, and physical symptoms that affect daily activities. Depression is also associated with cognitive impairment, which can further impact functioning. Being physically active (A) and high socioeconomic status (B) are generally positive factors for maintaining function. Advanced age (C) alone is not a strong predictor of functional decline compared to depression.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because learning advanced knitting techniques adds to the existing knowledge base of older women. This activity stimulates cognitive functioning, enhances problem-solving skills, and fosters creativity. It also helps maintain mental acuity and memory. Choice A is incorrect because although knitting may involve hand movements, it primarily benefits cognitive functions. Choice B is incorrect as the primary focus is on individual learning rather than group cohesion. Choice C is incorrect as the main purpose of the activity is intellectual growth rather than social interaction.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Identifying goals of care through open conversations with the patient and family. This is crucial because palliative care for older adults should be person-centered and align with their preferences and values. By engaging in open conversations, healthcare providers can understand the individual's goals, values, and wishes, allowing for care to be tailored accordingly. This approach emphasizes holistic care beyond just managing pain and considers the patient's emotional, spiritual, and social needs. Incorrect choices: A: Focusing primarily on managing pain with medications overlooks the importance of addressing other aspects of care. C: Avoiding advanced medical treatments is not always appropriate as each situation should be assessed individually. D: Prescribing hospice care immediately may not be necessary or desired by the patient, as it depends on their specific needs and preferences.