Professional Nursing Concepts and Challenges Test Bank

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In a patient with an acute attack of gout, the nurse should expect the uric acid level to be increased. Gout occurs due to the buildup of uric acid crystals in the joints, leading to inflammation and pain. Monitoring the uric acid level is important in diagnosing and managing gout, as elevated levels indicate an increased risk of crystal formation and gout attacks. Therefore, an increased uric acid level is a key laboratory finding in patients experiencing gout flares.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: For a client with peripheral vascular disease (PVD), the nurse would recommend low-impact exercises that promote circulation and improve overall health without overstressing the cardiovascular system. Yoga is a beneficial form of exercise for individuals with PVD because it involves gentle movements, controlled breathing, and mindfulness practices that can help improve flexibility, strength, and blood flow. Additionally, yoga can help reduce stress and improve relaxation, which can be beneficial for managing symptoms associated with PVD. Weight lifting and team sports may be too strenuous for individuals with PVD, and passive ROM exercises may not provide the cardiovascular benefits needed for this condition.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Immobility can contribute to the development of urolithiasis (the formation of urinary calculi or stones) due to decreased mobility leading to stagnant urine flow, which can result in the concentration of crystal-forming substances in the urine. Increasing fluid intake helps prevent urinary stasis and dilutes the urine, reducing the risk of stone formation. Adequate hydration can also help flush out any existing crystals or small stones before they grow larger. Therefore, increasing fluid intake to 3000 mL/day is essential in preventing urolithiasis in patients with immobility. Monitoring urine pH, administering calcium supplements, or maintaining an indwelling urinary catheter are not appropriate interventions for preventing urolithiasis in this situation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) involves four cardiac defects, as described in option B: pulmonic stenosis, right ventricular hypertrophy, ventricular septal defect, and an overriding aorta. These four defects result in mixing of oxygen-poor and oxygen-rich blood in the heart, leading to decreased oxygen levels in the blood that is pumped to the body. This characteristic results in cyanosis (blue discoloration of the skin). Providing accurate information about the specific defects involved in TOF helps parents understand the complexity and potential complications associated with their child's condition. This knowledge can aid in their ability to recognize symptoms and seek timely medical intervention when needed.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Preeclampsia is a pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure and signs of damage to other organ systems, most often the liver and kidneys. Placental dysfunction is believed to be the main cause of preeclampsia. In a normal pregnancy, blood vessels in the placenta develop to supply the fetus with nutrients and oxygen. In preeclampsia, these blood vessels don't develop or function properly, leading to inadequate blood flow and reduced supply of nutrients to the placenta. This can result in high blood pressure and affect the function of other organs.