Professional Nursing Concepts and Challenges Test Bank

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Sulfasalazine can cause photosensitivity, making the patient more prone to sunburn. Therefore, it is important for patients taking sulfasalazine to use sunscreen to protect their skin from harmful UV rays. This can help prevent sunburn and skin damage while on the medication. It is not necessary to take vitamin C with this drug, take it on an empty stomach, or limit fluid intake to 1500 mL per day.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Immobility can contribute to the development of urolithiasis (the formation of urinary calculi or stones) due to decreased mobility leading to stagnant urine flow, which can result in the concentration of crystal-forming substances in the urine. Increasing fluid intake helps prevent urinary stasis and dilutes the urine, reducing the risk of stone formation. Adequate hydration can also help flush out any existing crystals or small stones before they grow larger. Therefore, increasing fluid intake to 3000 mL/day is essential in preventing urolithiasis in patients with immobility. Monitoring urine pH, administering calcium supplements, or maintaining an indwelling urinary catheter are not appropriate interventions for preventing urolithiasis in this situation.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Preeclampsia is a pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure and signs of damage to other organ systems, most often the liver and kidneys. Placental dysfunction is believed to be the main cause of preeclampsia. In a normal pregnancy, blood vessels in the placenta develop to supply the fetus with nutrients and oxygen. In preeclampsia, these blood vessels don't develop or function properly, leading to inadequate blood flow and reduced supply of nutrients to the placenta. This can result in high blood pressure and affect the function of other organs.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Direct observation of behavior is the best way for the nurse to evaluate whether the client is able to set up and administer a nebulizer treatment. By directly observing the client, the nurse can assess the client's understanding and ability in performing the necessary steps correctly and safely. This approach allows for real-time evaluation and correction if needed, ensuring that the client can effectively manage their nebulizer treatment at home. Written or oral descriptions may not accurately reflect the client's actual competency in performing the task, and relying on the client's self-report during a follow-up appointment may not provide a complete picture of their ability.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Passive range-of-motion exercises are beneficial in maintaining joint flexibility in clients with stroke. These exercises involve moving the client's limbs through a full range of motion, which helps prevent joint contractures and stiffness. Joint flexibility is crucial for maintaining mobility and preventing secondary complications such as pressure ulcers. While passive range-of-motion exercises may indirectly impact muscle strength, cardiorespiratory function, and endurance, the primary rationale for this intervention is to maintain joint flexibility.