foundation of nursing questions

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step 1: Trigeminal neuralgia involves severe facial pain, often triggered by touch or movement. Step 2: Rubbing the eye on the affected side can trigger pain due to the trigeminal nerve involvement. Step 3: Therefore, advising the patient to avoid rubbing the eye on the affected side is crucial to prevent pain exacerbation and potential injury. Step 4: Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not directly address the risk of injury related to trigeminal neuralgia.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Lumpectomy and radiation. For a small, well-defined nodule in the breast, lumpectomy (removal of the lump) followed by radiation therapy is usually the treatment of choice for early-stage breast cancer. This approach aims to preserve the breast while ensuring effective treatment. Partial mastectomy (B) involves removing a larger portion of the breast tissue and is not typically necessary for a small, well-defined nodule. Chemotherapy (C) is generally used for more advanced stages of breast cancer or when the cancer has spread beyond the breast. Total mastectomy (D) is considered when the cancer is more extensive or in cases where lumpectomy is not feasible.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Stapes. Otosclerosis is a condition characterized by abnormal bone growth in the middle ear, causing the stapes bone to become fixed in place. This results in hearing loss due to the inability of the stapes to transmit sound vibrations to the inner ear. The malleus (choice A), incus (choice C), and tympanic membrane (choice D) are not primarily affected by otosclerosis. The malleus and incus are located in the middle ear but are not typically affected by otosclerosis. The tympanic membrane is part of the outer ear and is not directly involved in otosclerosis.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: The patient and family should be viewed as a single unit of care. In hospice care, the focus is on providing holistic care not only to the patient but also to their family members. This approach recognizes that the patient's well-being is interconnected with that of their loved ones. By viewing the patient and family as a single unit of care, hospice providers can address not just the physical symptoms but also the emotional, social, and spiritual needs of both the patient and their family. This principle emphasizes the importance of supporting the patient and their family through the end-of-life journey. Summary: - Choice B is incorrect as hospice care aims to manage symptoms effectively to improve quality of life. - Choice C is incorrect as hospice care typically involves a collaborative interdisciplinary team working towards common goals. - Choice D is incorrect as hospice care often prioritizes providing end-of-life care in a comfortable setting preferred by the patient.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Small group. When presenting information about flu immunizations to older adults in the community, using small group communication is most effective. In small group settings, the nurse can engage with the audience, encourage discussions, answer questions, and address individual concerns. This approach allows for personalized interaction, fosters trust, and facilitates better understanding and retention of information. Public communication (choice A) may not provide the same level of individualized attention. Interpersonal communication (choice C) typically refers to one-on-one interactions, which may not reach a larger audience efficiently. Intrapersonal communication (choice D) involves self-reflection and is not suitable for disseminating information to a group.