Nursing Process Final Exam Questions

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: deposits of adipose tissue in the trunk and dorsocervical area. In Cushing's syndrome, there is excess cortisol production leading to central obesity with fat accumulation in the trunk and dorsocervical area (buffalo hump). This is due to cortisol's role in redistributing fat. A: hypotension is incorrect because individuals with Cushing's syndrome typically have hypertension due to the effects of excess cortisol on blood pressure regulation. B: thick, coarse skin is incorrect as individuals with Cushing's syndrome may have thin, fragile skin due to decreased collagen formation. D: weight gain in arms and legs is incorrect as the weight gain in Cushing's syndrome tends to be centralized in the trunk and face rather than the extremities.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: It is associated with stages 1 and 2 hypertension. Smoking is a major risk factor for developing hypertension, especially stages 1 and 2. Nicotine in cigarettes can lead to vasoconstriction, increased heart rate, and overall elevated blood pressure. This information is crucial for patients to understand the direct impact of smoking on their blood pressure levels. Choice B is incorrect because smoking does indeed affect BP regulation by causing vasoconstriction and elevated heart rate. Choice C is incorrect as smoking actually causes vasoconstriction rather than vasodilation. Choice D is incorrect because smoking does lead to sustained elevation of blood pressure, especially in the long term.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Wear sunglasses. Dilated pupils are sensitive to light, so wearing sunglasses can help protect the eyes from excessive light exposure. Keeping the eyes closed (A) may provide temporary relief but does not protect the eyes from light. Avoiding driving for 8 hours (C) is important after certain eye procedures but not specifically related to dilated pupils. Avoiding caffeinated beverages (D) is unrelated to pupil dilation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ask the patient to return to the room, so the nurse can inspect the abdomen. Rationale: 1. Patient safety: By examining the patient's abdomen, the nurse can assess for any signs of distress or potential medical issues. 2. Patient-centered care: It is essential to prioritize the patient's well-being by addressing their concerns promptly and appropriately. 3. Professional responsibility: Nurses are trained to assess and evaluate patient symptoms to provide necessary care and support. Summary: A: Requesting the family to leave does not address the patient's symptoms and may disrupt the patient's support system. C: Asking about bowel movements and offering food may not be appropriate if the patient is experiencing stomach discomfort. D: Offering food without proper assessment may worsen the patient's condition and is not recommended before a proper evaluation.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Carbogen is a gas mixture of carbon dioxide and oxygen. Inhaling carbogen can stimulate respiration due to increased oxygen levels and carbon dioxide acting as a respiratory stimulant. It can also dilate blood vessels, enhancing oxygen delivery to tissues. Additionally, carbogen can help dislodge blood clots by improving blood flow and oxygenation. Therefore, all the choices (A, B, and C) are correct as inhaling carbogen can have multiple beneficial effects on respiration, blood vessels, and blood clot dislodging.