foundation of nursing questions and answers

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because hospice care is centered on a holistic approach that considers the physical, emotional, social, and spiritual needs of both the patient and their family. This principle recognizes that caring for a terminally ill patient involves supporting the entire family unit. Choice B is incorrect because family support is integral to hospice care. Choice C is incorrect because hospice care extends beyond just the patient to include their loved ones. Choice D is incorrect because the care team should address all aspects of care for both the patient and their family, not prioritize one over the other.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because injecting air into the stomach via the tube and auscultating helps confirm the tube placement in the stomach before administering the feeding. This step ensures the safety of the patient by preventing accidental lung feeding. Choice A is incorrect because securing the tube with a safety pin to the gown is not a standard practice and can lead to complications. Choice C is incorrect because the temperature of the feeding does not affect the tube placement or safety. Choice D is incorrect because checking the pH level is not a reliable method for verifying tube placement.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Disturbed Body Image Related to Effects of Surgery. This nursing diagnosis is appropriate because the patient expresses concerns about feeling emasculated and a shell of a man after the surgery, indicating a disturbance in his body image. The patient's perception of how the surgery will affect his masculinity is a clear indication of body image disturbance. Choice B is incorrect because there is no mention of spiritual distress in the patient's statements. Choice C is incorrect as there is no indication that the patient will experience social isolation specifically related to the surgery. Choice D is incorrect as the patient's concerns are primarily related to his body image and not loneliness.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Semisolid food with thick liquids. Patients with Parkinson's disease often have dysphagia, leading to aspiration and respiratory complications. Semisolid food with thick liquids helps prevent aspiration and promotes safer swallowing. TPN (A) is not necessary for meeting nutritional needs unless the patient cannot tolerate oral intake. A low-residue diet (B) may not address the specific swallowing issues in Parkinson's disease. Minced foods and fluid restriction (D) may not provide adequate nutrition and hydration.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Undercooked ground beef. Escherichia coli is commonly found in undercooked ground beef, especially if it is contaminated during processing. Ground beef must be cooked to a safe internal temperature to kill any harmful bacteria. Improperly home-canned food (choice A) can also cause foodborne illnesses, but E. coli is more commonly associated with undercooked ground beef. Soft cheese (choice C) is often linked to Listeria contamination, not E. coli. Custard (choice D) is a less likely source of E. coli compared to undercooked ground beef.