Pharmacology and the Nursing Process 9th Edition Test Bank

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: An improvement of the weakness. Edrophonium is a short-acting cholinesterase inhibitor that helps differentiate between myasthenic and cholinergic crises in myasthenia gravis. In cholinergic crisis, there is an overdose of cholinesterase inhibitors leading to excessive acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, causing muscle weakness. Administering edrophonium will temporarily improve muscle weakness in cholinergic crisis due to the increased availability of acetylcholine. The other choices are incorrect because: A: No change suggests the client is not in cholinergic crisis. C: Complaints of muscle spasms are more indicative of myasthenic crisis. D: A temporary worsening of the condition is not expected in cholinergic crisis.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Serum calcitonin level. Smoking can elevate serum calcitonin levels due to the effect of nicotine. However, an elevated serum calcitonin level is not a general indicator of cancer. Step 1: Understand that smoking can increase serum calcitonin levels. Step 2: Recognize that elevated serum calcitonin levels are not specific to cancer and can be influenced by other factors. Step 3: Differentiate between a marker that is specific to cancer (such as carcinoembryonic antigen) and one that can be affected by smoking but not necessarily indicative of cancer (serum calcitonin). Thus, while smoking can elevate serum calcitonin levels, it is not a reliable indicator of cancer.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because it accurately defines a transient ischemic attack (TIA) as a temporary interruption in blood flow to the brain. This response demonstrates the nurse's knowledge and ability to provide accurate information to the family member. Option A is incorrect because it deflects the question to the doctor without providing any information. Option B is incorrect because it inaccurately states that TIA causes permanent brain damage, which is not true. Option D is also incorrect because it simply restates the abbreviation without providing any explanation of what TIA actually means.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Confusion or delirium can be a defense against further stress. This is because providing new information slowly and in small amounts can help prevent overwhelming Mr. Reyes, who is already confused. This approach allows him to process and understand the information more effectively without adding to his stress levels. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect: B: Destruction of brain cells has occurred, interrupting mental activity - This is not the most appropriate explanation as it assumes irreversible damage to the brain, which is not mentioned in the question. C: Teaching based on information progressing from the simple to the complex - While this may be a valid teaching strategy in general, it does not address Mr. Reyes' specific state of confusion and the need to reduce stress. D: A minimum of information should be given, since he is unaware of surrounding - This choice does not address the underlying reason for providing information slowly, which is to manage stress and confusion, rather than solely focusing on the

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Doing it according to his needs and abilities. This option is the most appropriate intervention for Mang Simon to maintain his exercise program. By tailoring the program to his needs and abilities, Mang Simon is more likely to adhere to it and prevent any potential injuries or health risks associated with overexertion. This approach ensures that the exercise routine is realistic and manageable for him, increasing his chances of long-term success. A: Writing down the exercise program may be helpful for organization but does not address the individualization needed for Mang Simon's specific situation. B: Thoroughly explaining the program to his wife, Aling Nena, may provide support but does not directly impact Mang Simon's ability to maintain the program. C: Positive motivation is important, but it alone may not be sufficient to address the practical aspects of adapting the exercise program to Mang Simon's needs and abilities.