medical microbiology test bank

Questions 81

ATI RN

ATI RN Test Bank

medical microbiology test bank Questions

Question 1 of 5

The bacterial endospore is primarily composed of:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: peptidoglycan and calcium dipicolinate. Bacterial endospores are resistant structures formed by certain bacterial species under unfavorable conditions. Peptidoglycan provides structural support, while calcium dipicolinate aids in heat resistance. Lipid bilayers (choice A) are not a primary component. Capsular polysaccharides (choice C) are part of the bacterial capsule, not the endospore. Teichoic acid (choice D) is a component of the cell wall, not the endospore.

Question 2 of 5

Brown algae are commonly referred to as:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Phaeophyta. Brown algae are commonly referred to as Phaeophyta because they contain brown pigments like fucoxanthin. Rhodophyta (B) refers to red algae, Chrysophyta (C) to golden algae, and D repeats the same term as A. Therefore, A is the correct choice based on the distinctive pigments present in brown algae.

Question 3 of 5

A 43 y.o. patient was admitted to the hospital with complaints of high temperature of the body and severe headache. On examination: carbuncle is revealed on the forearm. There are intense edema around it, insignificant pain, regional lymphadenitis. The patient is a worker of cattle-ranch. What disease is it necessary to think about first?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Erysipeloid. Erysipeloid is a bacterial infection caused by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae commonly found in animals like cattle. The patient's occupation as a cattle-ranch worker puts them at risk for this infection. Symptoms such as high body temperature, severe headache, carbuncle on the forearm with edema, and regional lymphadenitis are typical of erysipeloid. Anthrax (A) is more associated with skin lesions and severe systemic symptoms. Carcinoma of skin (B) presents differently with slow-growing skin lesions. Erysipelas (C) is a different bacterial infection characterized by red, swollen patches on the skin.

Question 4 of 5

The laboratory for especially dangerous infections conducts microscopic examination of pathological material from a patient with suspected plague. The sample was stained by Burri-Gins technique. What property of the causative agent can be identified by this technique?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The Burri-Gins staining technique is used to identify the presence of capsules around bacteria. Capsules are protective structures that some bacteria produce to evade the immune system. This technique stains the capsule, making it visible under a microscope. Therefore, the correct answer is A: Capsule formation. Incorrect: B: Spore formation - Spores are not typically identified using the Burri-Gins staining technique. C: Acid resistance - This property is not specifically identified by Burri-Gins staining. D: Alkali resistance - This property is not specifically identified by Burri-Gins staining.

Question 5 of 5

Microscopic examination of cerebrospinal fluid revealed Gram-negative diplococci. The patient presented with fever, headache, and neck stiffness. What is the most likely causative agent?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Neisseria meningitidis. This bacterium is a Gram-negative diplococcus commonly associated with meningitis. The patient's symptoms of fever, headache, and neck stiffness are classic signs of meningococcal meningitis. Neisseria meningitidis is known to cause outbreaks in crowded settings. Streptococcus pneumoniae (Choice B) is a common cause of bacterial meningitis but typically appears as Gram-positive cocci. Haemophilus influenzae (Choice C) can also cause meningitis but is more commonly seen in unvaccinated children. Klebsiella pneumoniae (Choice D) is a Gram-negative bacterium but is not a typical causative agent of meningitis.

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