Contemporary Ethical Issues in Nursing

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: increased technology in the field of critical care. This trend is shaping nursing education and practice by improving patient care, enhancing efficiency, and requiring nurses to adapt to new technologies. The advancements in critical care technology have revolutionized the way healthcare is delivered and have become essential in providing high-quality patient care. This trend highlights the importance of nurses staying current with the latest technologies to deliver optimal care. Choice B is incorrect because there is actually an expanding scope of practice for nurses as they take on more responsibilities and roles in healthcare. Choice C is incorrect as incivility and disregard of others' rights would not be considered a major trend shaping nursing education and practice. Choice D is incorrect as international programs increasing diversity in nursing education and practice would not result in a decrease in ethnicity.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: forensic. In this scenario, the nurse's involvement in specimen collection and assessment of the victim relates to forensic nursing, which involves providing healthcare in legal contexts like investigations and court proceedings. Triage (A) is the process of prioritizing patient care based on severity. Flight (C) and entrepreneurial (D) have no relevance to the situation described.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: autonomy. Autonomy refers to respecting the right of individuals to make their own decisions about their healthcare. In this scenario, the family's request to honor the terminally ill mother's advance directives aligns with the principle of autonomy as it acknowledges her right to make decisions about her own care. Accountability (A) pertains to taking responsibility for one's actions, nonmaleficence (C) involves avoiding harm, and veracity (D) refers to truthfulness. While these principles are important in healthcare, in this specific case, autonomy takes precedence as it respects the patient's wishes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Review the overall situation to identify the core issues. This is the initial step when addressing an ethically challenging situation because it allows you to gain a comprehensive understanding of the situation before delving into specific details. By reviewing the overall situation, you can identify the key ethical issues at play and prioritize which aspects need to be addressed first. This step sets the foundation for developing an effective strategy to navigate the ethical dilemma. Incorrect answers: A: Identifying all those involved is important, but it should come after reviewing the situation. C: Gathering facts is necessary, but reviewing the overall situation should precede this step. D: Determining the ethical dilemma is crucial, but it is more effective to first review the entire situation to fully grasp the complexities before pinpointing the ethical issue.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: multiple-choice question item, which allows candidates to select the one correct answer. This is because the multiple-choice format is widely used in the NCLEX-RN examination as it is effective in assessing a candidate's knowledge, critical thinking skills, and ability to make decisions. The distractors in the answer choices provide clues and test the candidate's ability to differentiate between correct and incorrect information. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect: A: fill-in-the-blank item is not the most common format for NCLEX-RN questions as candidates are indeed provided with clues from distractors in multiple-choice questions. C: multiple-response item, although requiring critical thinking, is not the most common format on the NCLEX-RN exam. D: hot-spot item is not the most common format on the NCLEX-RN exam, and it is not necessarily written at the application level of Bloom's analysis.