Contemporary Ethical Issues in Nursing

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Mental. The nurse's inability to concentrate and view the healthcare milieu sensibly indicates a lack of mental energy. Mental energy is crucial for focus, problem-solving, decision-making, and critical thinking skills necessary for quality management. Physical energy (A) is related to physical stamina, spiritual energy (C) to inner peace and purpose, and emotional energy (D) to emotional resilience. However, in this case, the nurse's issue is primarily cognitive, highlighting the absence of mental energy.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Mental. The nurse's inability to concentrate and view the healthcare milieu sensibly indicates a lack of mental energy. Mental energy is crucial for focus, problem-solving, decision-making, and critical thinking skills necessary for quality management. Physical energy (A) is related to physical stamina, spiritual energy (C) to inner peace and purpose, and emotional energy (D) to emotional resilience. However, in this case, the nurse's issue is primarily cognitive, highlighting the absence of mental energy.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Transformational. This nurse manager is focused on creating a positive work environment, encouraging innovation, empowering staff, and promoting interdisciplinary collaboration. Transformational leaders inspire and motivate followers to achieve high levels of performance by emphasizing shared vision, personal growth, and values. This nurse manager's approach aligns with the characteristics of a transformational leader. Incorrect Choices: B: Transactional leaders focus on rewards, punishments, and exchanges with followers based on performance. This nurse manager's approach goes beyond transactional interactions. C: Laissez-faire leaders are hands-off and provide little guidance or direction. This nurse manager is actively involved in guiding and supporting staff. D: Authoritative leaders make decisions independently and expect followers to follow orders. This nurse manager encourages staff involvement and input in decision-making processes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: National Institute of Nursing Research. This organization is part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and specifically focuses on funding nursing research. The NIH is a federal agency that provides funding for various scientific research areas, including nursing. The other choices, B: Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, C: W. K. Kellogg Foundation, and D: Sigma Theta Tau International, are not federal organizations and do not provide federal funding. Robert Wood Johnson Foundation is a private philanthropic organization, W. K. Kellogg Foundation is a private foundation focused on children's wellbeing, and Sigma Theta Tau International is an honor society for nursing professionals.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: disclosure. In this scenario, the physician shared information about the accidental lung puncture with the patient's family, demonstrating transparency and honesty. This aligns with the legal principle of disclosure, which emphasizes the importance of informing patients and their families about relevant medical information. The physician's actions foster trust and open communication, ensuring that the patient and family are informed about the situation. Choice A: comparative negligence, is incorrect because it involves assessing the degree of negligence by both parties involved, which is not applicable in this context. Choice B: gross negligence, is incorrect because the physician's actions do not demonstrate recklessness or a complete disregard for the patient's safety. Choice D: the Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA), is incorrect because this law primarily addresses the provision of emergency medical care and ensuring access to necessary services, not the disclosure of medical errors.