Foundations and Adult Health Nursing Study Guide Answers

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A district hospital is an example of a secondary health facility. Secondary health facilities are the intermediate level of healthcare services, providing a higher level of care compared to primary health facilities like rural health units and barangay health stations. District hospitals typically offer more specialized medical services, diagnostic facilities, and inpatient care that are not available at lower-level health facilities. When Nurse Vince refers a patient to a district hospital, it means that the patient requires more extensive and specialized medical care beyond what can be provided at the primary level of care.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Administering intravenous fluids as ordered is the most appropriate nursing action for a postpartum client exhibiting signs of severe dehydration. Severe dehydration, as indicated by dry mucous membranes, decreased skin turgor, and oliguria, requires immediate intervention to restore fluid balance effectively. Intravenous fluids deliver fluids directly into the bloodstream, ensuring rapid rehydration and addressing the critical situation promptly. Offering oral rehydration solutions may not be sufficient to address severe dehydration, and providing education on fluid intake can be important for prevention but is not the immediate priority in this scenario. Notifying the healthcare provider is essential, but initiating intravenous fluids promptly is crucial in managing severe dehydration.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Somatic hypermutation is the mechanism responsible for generating diversity in the antigen-binding sites of immunoglobulins. During somatic hypermutation, point mutations are introduced into the variable regions of immunoglobulin genes in B cells. These mutations occur randomly and lead to a wide range of amino acid changes in the antigen-binding sites of antibodies. As a result, a diverse repertoire of antibodies with varying specificities for different antigens is created. Gene rearrangement and isotype switching are other mechanisms that contribute to antibody diversity but do not specifically target the antigen-binding sites. Clonal expansion, on the other hand, refers to the proliferation of specific B cell clones after activation by antigens, which amplifies the immune response but does not directly impact the diversity of antigen-binding sites.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: This type of admission is considered voluntary because the patient willingly agrees to be admitted to the hospital for treatment. The patient has signed the admission forms and consented to receive the necessary care, indicating a willingness to participate in their treatment plan. In a voluntary admission, the individual retains the right to make decisions about their treatment and can choose to leave the hospital against medical advice if they wish to do so.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Nurse Noli should include in his teachings less saturated fat, maintaining weight within normal limits, and exercising regularly as these are all components of a healthy lifestyle. However, including "more fats in the diet" goes against the principles of healthy eating and weight management. Consuming excessive amounts of fats, especially unhealthy saturated fats, can contribute to various health issues such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and other medical conditions. Therefore, it is crucial for Nurse Noli to emphasize reducing saturated fat intake rather than promoting more fats in the diet for overall health and wellness.