Pharmacology and the Nursing Process 9th Edition Test Bank

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: error in word choices. In left hemisphere stroke, language and speech centers are usually affected, leading to aphasia. This results in errors in word choices, difficulty expressing thoughts, and understanding language. Impulsivity and unsafe activities (choice A) are more commonly associated with frontal lobe damage. Motor deficits on the right eye (choice B) and left side of the body (choice C) are typical in strokes affecting the motor cortex, which is located in the contralateral hemisphere.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for choosing answer D as correct: 1. Acknowledges patient's withdrawn behavior 2. Demonstrates empathy and concern 3. Open-ended question allows patient to express feelings 4. Encourages patient to communicate concerns Summary: - Option A assumes a specific problem without patient input - Option B focuses on verbalization, not necessarily addressing underlying concerns - Option C makes assumptions about patient's worries without allowing him to express himself

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Fluid replacement. In end-stage AIDS with Cryptosporidium infection, the client experiences severe diarrhea leading to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. Fluid replacement is crucial to prevent hypovolemia and maintain electrolyte balance. Adequate hydration supports renal function, prevents further complications, and aids in the elimination of the infectious agent. Pain management (A) may be needed for discomfort but is not the priority. Antiretroviral therapy (B) is essential for managing HIV but does not directly address the immediate issue of dehydration. High-calorie intake (D) is important for overall nutrition but does not address the urgent need for fluid replacement in this situation.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Serum calcitonin level. Smoking can elevate serum calcitonin levels due to the effect of nicotine. However, an elevated serum calcitonin level is not a general indicator of cancer. Step 1: Understand that smoking can increase serum calcitonin levels. Step 2: Recognize that elevated serum calcitonin levels are not specific to cancer and can be influenced by other factors. Step 3: Differentiate between a marker that is specific to cancer (such as carcinoembryonic antigen) and one that can be affected by smoking but not necessarily indicative of cancer (serum calcitonin). Thus, while smoking can elevate serum calcitonin levels, it is not a reliable indicator of cancer.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: �Rotate injection sites within the same anatomic region, not among different regions.� This instruction is important to prevent lipodystrophy and ensure consistent insulin absorption. Rotating sites within the same region helps maintain consistent insulin absorption rates and reduces the risk of developing scar tissue or fatty deposits. Injecting into healthy tissue with large blood vessels and nerves (choice A) can lead to inconsistent absorption. Administering insulin into areas of scar tissue or hypotrophy (choice C) can also disrupt absorption. Injecting into sites above muscles planned for exercise (choice D) can lead to unpredictable insulin absorption. Rotation within the same region optimizes insulin delivery and prevents complications.