Nursing Process Exam Questions

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Uterine body. The rationale is that the most common site of cancer for females is uterine body, specifically endometrial cancer. This is due to the high prevalence of hormonal imbalances and estrogen exposure, which are risk factors for this type of cancer. The other choices, A: Uterine cervix, B: Vagina, and D: Fallopian tube, are less common sites of cancer in females compared to the uterine body. Understanding the prevalence and risk factors associated with each site of cancer is crucial for nurses to educate clients effectively.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Drop in blood pressure and rise in heart rate. After a splenectomy, the client is at risk for orthostatic hypotension due to decreased blood volume. A drop in blood pressure and a compensatory rise in heart rate are common orthostatic changes. This occurs because the body tries to maintain perfusion to vital organs. A rise in blood pressure and heart rate (Choice A) would not align with orthostatic changes. A rise in blood pressure and drop in heart rate (Choice B) is contradictory to the body's compensatory response to maintain perfusion. Therefore, the most supportive vital sign values for abnormal orthostatic changes in this client would be a drop in blood pressure and a rise in heart rate.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: vasoconstriction, vasospasms. 1. Raynaud's disease involves exaggerated vasoconstriction and vasospasms of blood vessels in response to cold or stress. 2. Smoking aggravates vasoconstriction and vasospasms by constricting blood vessels further. 3. This can worsen symptoms for individuals with Raynaud's disease. 4. Choices A, C, and D do not directly relate to the mechanism of Raynaud's disease and smoking.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. When the client is in a state of respiratory arrest, immediate medical intervention is required. Discontinuing oxygen administration and notifying the physician is crucial to address the life-threatening situation. A: Improving color is a positive sign. B: Decreased consciousness may indicate a need for further assessment but does not require immediate discontinuation of oxygen. D: Inability to use the diaphragm may require intervention but does not indicate an immediate threat as respiratory arrest does.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because a low-carbohydrate, high-protein diet helps stabilize blood sugar levels and prevents hypoglycemic episodes. Carbohydrates cause rapid spikes and drops in blood sugar, while protein helps maintain stable levels. Avoiding fasting also helps regulate blood sugar. Choice A is incorrect as increasing saturated fat and fasting can worsen hypoglycemia. Choice B is incorrect as vitamins and iron do not directly address hypoglycemia. Choice C is incorrect as relying on sugary foods like candy bars can lead to further blood sugar imbalances.