Nursing Process Exam Questions

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because asthma is characterized by inflammation and bronchoconstriction of the airways, leading to difficulty breathing. This explanation accurately describes the pathophysiology of asthma. Explanation for other choices: B: Fluid in the lungs is more indicative of conditions like pneumonia or pulmonary edema, not asthma. C: Asthma involves airway constriction and inflammation, not stretching and non-functionality. D: Asthma is not caused by infection but rather triggered by factors like allergens or irritants.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: with coercion. Informed consent must be freely given without any form of coercion to ensure the individual's autonomy and decision-making capacity. Coercion can lead to involuntary consent, undermining the principle of respect for autonomy. Choices A, C, and D are all criteria for valid informed consent. Choice A ensures the individual is voluntarily agreeing without any external pressure. Choice C ensures the individual understands the procedures involved, promoting transparency. Choice D ensures the individual is aware of alternative options, allowing for an informed decision-making process.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: The catheter should remain in place for 1-2 days. After litholapaxy surgery, the urethral catheter is typically removed within 1-2 days to prevent infection and promote healing. Keeping the catheter in place for too long can increase the risk of complications such as urinary tract infections. Options A, C, and D suggest longer durations which are not necessary and may lead to unnecessary discomfort and risks for the client. Therefore, the optimal timeframe for catheter removal post-litholapaxy surgery is within 1-2 days.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because asthma is characterized by inflammation and bronchoconstriction of the airways, leading to difficulty breathing. This explanation accurately describes the pathophysiology of asthma. Explanation for other choices: B: Fluid in the lungs is more indicative of conditions like pneumonia or pulmonary edema, not asthma. C: Asthma involves airway constriction and inflammation, not stretching and non-functionality. D: Asthma is not caused by infection but rather triggered by factors like allergens or irritants.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Diagnosis. After reviewing the patient's database and identifying concerning signs such as not voiding for over 8 hours, abnormal kidney function, and decreased oral intake, the nurse must move to the diagnosis step. In this step, the nurse will analyze the data collected to identify the patient's actual and potential health problems. This will help the nurse formulate appropriate nursing diagnoses and develop a plan of care to address the identified issues. Choice B (Planning) comes after the diagnosis step, where specific goals and interventions are established; Choice C (Implementation) follows planning and involves executing the planned interventions; Choice D (Evaluation) is the final step where the nurse assesses the effectiveness of the interventions. In this scenario, the nurse must first determine the patient's health problems before proceeding to planning, implementing, and evaluating care.