Physical Examination and Health Assessment 8th Edition Test Bank

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The symptoms described, including decreased air movement, high-pitched whistling (wheezing) on expiration in all lobes, and resonant lungs on percussion, are characteristic findings of asthma. Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by airway inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and increased mucus production, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and cough. The presence of wheezing, particularly on expiration, is a classic sign of asthma. In contrast, spontaneous pneumothorax would typically present with sudden chest pain and shortness of breath, accompanied by hyperresonant percussion notes due to trapped air in the pleural space. COPD, a chronic lung condition characterized by progressive airflow limitation, would often present with symptoms such as chronic cough, sputum production, and dyspnea on exertion. Pneumonia is an infection of the lung tissue,

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The symptoms described, including decreased air movement, high-pitched whistling (wheezing) on expiration in all lobes, and resonant lungs on percussion, are characteristic findings of asthma. Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by airway inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and increased mucus production, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and cough. The presence of wheezing, particularly on expiration, is a classic sign of asthma. In contrast, spontaneous pneumothorax would typically present with sudden chest pain and shortness of breath, accompanied by hyperresonant percussion notes due to trapped air in the pleural space. COPD, a chronic lung condition characterized by progressive airflow limitation, would often present with symptoms such as chronic cough, sputum production, and dyspnea on exertion. Pneumonia is an infection of the lung tissue,

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Urticaria, commonly known as hives, typically presents as raised, red, and itchy welts or wheals that can appear and disappear in various locations on the skin. Each lesion tends to last for many minutes before resolving and may be associated with itching or a burning sensation. Urticaria is often triggered by an allergic reaction to food, medications, insect bites, or other substances. The clinical presentation described in the question, involving an itchy rash that appears and disappears in different areas, is consistent with urticaria.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), the body is in a state of metabolic acidosis due to the accumulation of ketones in the blood. One of the compensatory mechanisms to decrease the acidity in the body is increased breathing, known as Kussmaul breathing. This type of breathing is characterized by a rapid and deep pattern to blow off excess carbon dioxide and decrease the acidity of the blood. Therefore, in a patient with DKA, you would expect to observe rapid and deep breathing.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The closed fist gesture over the sternum to describe chest pain is a typical characteristic of angina pectoris. Angina pectoris is chest pain or discomfort that occurs when the heart muscle does not receive enough oxygen-rich blood. The gesture of clenching a fist over the sternum is often used to describe the tight, squeezing, or pressure-like discomfort experienced with angina. This type of chest pain is typically triggered by physical or emotional stress and is relieved by rest or medications like nitroglycerin. Considering the patient's age, smoking history, and the description of the chest pain gesture, angina pectoris should be a top consideration in this case.