ATI RN
Physical Examination and Health Assessment 8th Edition Test Bank Questions
Question 1 of 5
Mrs. Anderson presents with an itchy rash which is raised and appears and disappears in various locations. Each lesion lasts for many minutes. What most likely accounts for this rash?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Urticaria, commonly known as hives, typically presents as raised, red, and itchy welts or wheals that can appear and disappear in various locations on the skin. Each lesion tends to last for many minutes before resolving and may be associated with itching or a burning sensation. Urticaria is often triggered by an allergic reaction to food, medications, insect bites, or other substances. The clinical presentation described in the question, involving an itchy rash that appears and disappears in different areas, is consistent with urticaria.
Question 2 of 5
Her head, eyes, ears, nose, and throat examinations are essentially normal. Inspection of her anterior and posterior chest shows no abnormalities. On auscultation of her chest, there is decreased air movement and a high-pitched whistling on expiration in all lobes. Percussion reveals resonant lungs. Which disorder of the thorax or lung does this best describe?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The symptoms described, including decreased air movement, high-pitched whistling (wheezing) on expiration in all lobes, and resonant lungs on percussion, are characteristic findings of asthma. Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by airway inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and increased mucus production, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and cough. The presence of wheezing, particularly on expiration, is a classic sign of asthma. In contrast, spontaneous pneumothorax would typically present with sudden chest pain and shortness of breath, accompanied by hyperresonant percussion notes due to trapped air in the pleural space. COPD, a chronic lung condition characterized by progressive airflow limitation, would often present with symptoms such as chronic cough, sputum production, and dyspnea on exertion. Pneumonia is an infection of the lung tissue,
Question 3 of 5
A 24-year-old secretary comes to your clinic, complaining of difficulty sleeping, severe nightmares, and irritability. She states it all began 6 months ago when she went to a fast food restaurant at midnight. While she was waiting in her car a man entered through the passenger door and put a gun to her head. He had her drive to a remote area, where he took her money and threatened to kill her. When the gun jammed he panicked and ran off. Ever since this occurred the patient has been having these symptoms. She states she jumps at every noise and refuses to drive at night. She states her anxiety has had such a marked influence on her job performance she is afraid she will be fired. She denies any recent illnesses or injuries. Her past medical history is unremarkable. On examination you find a nervous woman appearing her stated age. Her physical examination is unremarkable. You recommend medication and counseling. What anxiety disorder to you think this young woman has?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The young woman in this scenario is experiencing symptoms consistent with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD is an anxiety disorder that can develop after a person is exposed to a traumatic event, such as a life-threatening situation like a robbery with a gun involved. The symptoms she is experiencing, including difficulty sleeping, severe nightmares, irritability, hypervigilance, and avoidance of triggers such as driving at night, are all classic features of PTSD. These symptoms have persisted for at least 6 months since the traumatic event occurred, which is a key criterion for making a diagnosis of PTSD. Treatment for PTSD typically involves a combination of medication and therapy to help the individual process and cope with the traumatic experience.
Question 4 of 5
You are working in a college health clinic and seeing a young woman with a red, painful, swollen DIP joint on the left index finger. There are also a few papules, pustules, and vesicles on reddened bases, located on the distal extremities. This would be consistent with which of the following?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The description provided indicates a presentation consistent with gonococcal arthritis. Gonococcal arthritis is an infectious arthritis caused by the bacteria Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Symptoms typically include red, swollen, and painful joints, especially affecting the distal joints of the limbs. The presence of papules, pustules, and vesicles on reddened bases at the distal extremities is characteristic of disseminated gonococcal infection. In women, the DIP joint involvement in the finger can be indicative of this condition. Prompt diagnosis and treatment with antibiotics are essential to prevent complications associated with gonococcal arthritis. It is important to consider a sexually transmitted infection like gonorrhea in young patients presenting with joint symptoms and cutaneous findings.
Question 5 of 5
Mr. Martin is a 72-year-old smoker who comes to you for his hypertension visit. You note that with deep palpation you feel a pulsatile mass which is about 4 centimeters in diameter. What should you do next?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The presence of a palpable pulsatile abdominal mass in a patient like Mr. Martin, who is a smoker and at risk for vascular diseases, is concerning for an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Immediate referral to a vascular surgeon is essential for further evaluation and management. AAA can be a life-threatening condition if left untreated, as it can lead to rupture and severe internal bleeding. Therefore, prompt specialist evaluation and monitoring are crucial in such cases. Waiting for 3 or 6 months for reevaluation could potentially lead to a delayed diagnosis and increase the risk of complications. Abdominal ultrasound is typically the diagnostic test of choice to confirm the presence and size of the aneurysm.
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