Physical Examination and Health Assessment 8th Edition Test Bank

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Urticaria, commonly known as hives, typically presents as raised, red, and itchy welts or wheals that can appear and disappear in various locations on the skin. Each lesion tends to last for many minutes before resolving and may be associated with itching or a burning sensation. Urticaria is often triggered by an allergic reaction to food, medications, insect bites, or other substances. The clinical presentation described in the question, involving an itchy rash that appears and disappears in different areas, is consistent with urticaria.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Mrs. R. is exhibiting characteristics of a silent patient because she does not respond or engage in conversation when directly asked a question by the healthcare provider. In this case, Mrs. R.'s lack of verbal response could be due to various reasons such as shyness, anxiety, cognitive impairment, or communication barriers. It is important for healthcare providers to recognize and adapt to different communication styles and preferences of patients to ensure effective patient-provider interaction and care. In situations like these, it may be helpful to provide alternative communication methods or allow more time for the patient to respond comfortably.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: By connecting the patient's presenting symptoms (wheezing when exposed to cats) and family history of asthma, you have identified asthma as the most likely diagnosis for the 5-year-old girl. This initial conclusion, based on the available information, is known as a working diagnosis. Further evaluation and testing may be required to confirm the diagnosis, but at this stage, you have established a preliminary understanding of the likely condition affecting the patient.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: By telling the patient what to expect, giving her the option to stop or take a break, and checking in with her multiple times during the examination, you are accomplishing all of the above.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The most likely cause of neck pain in this scenario is a cervical sprain. A cervical sprain is an injury to the ligaments in the neck as a result of sudden force or trauma, such as a motor vehicle collision. The symptoms of a cervical sprain typically include pain, stiffness in the neck, and muscle spasm. The fact that the patient has pain and spasm over the paraspinous muscles on one side of the neck, along with pain during active range of motion, is characteristic of a sprain. It is important to consider this diagnosis in individuals who have recently experienced trauma to the neck region. Treatment for a cervical sprain usually includes pain management, rest, and gentle stretching exercises to help with recovery.