ATI RN
ATI Fluid Electrolyte and Acid-Base Regulation Questions
Question 1 of 5
Diagnostic testing has been ordered to differentiate between normal anion gap acidosis and high anion gap acidosis in an acutely ill patient. What health problem typically precedes normal anion gap acidosis?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Excessive administration of chloride. Normal anion gap acidosis is commonly caused by an excessive intake of chloride-containing solutions like normal saline during treatment. This leads to an increase in the plasma chloride concentration, causing a decrease in the anion gap. Metastases (A) are not typically associated with normal anion gap acidosis. Excessive potassium intake (B) would not lead to normal anion gap acidosis but rather hyperkalemia. Water intoxication (C) can lead to dilutional hyponatremia but not normal anion gap acidosis.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who is having a subclavian central venous catheter inserted. The client begins to report chest pain and difficulty breathing. After administering oxygen, which action should the nurse take next?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Prepare to assist with chest tube insertion. Chest pain and difficulty breathing after subclavian central venous catheter insertion could indicate a pneumothorax, a potential complication. Chest tube insertion is indicated to help re-expand the lung and relieve the pressure in the thoracic cavity. This intervention takes priority over the other options because it addresses the potential life-threatening complication of a pneumothorax. Administering nitroglycerin (choice A) is not indicated for chest pain in this scenario. Placing a sterile dressing over the IV site (choice C) is not appropriate for managing chest pain and difficulty breathing. Re-positioning the client into the Trendelenburg position (choice D) is not effective in addressing a pneumothorax and may worsen the client's condition.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is caring for a patient in metabolic alkalosis. The patient has an NG tube to low intermittent suction for a diagnosis of bowel obstruction. What drug would the nurse expect to find on the medication orders?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cimetidine. In metabolic alkalosis, the blood pH is elevated due to excess bicarbonate. Cimetidine is a histamine-2 receptor antagonist that can help decrease gastric acid production, which can contribute to alkalosis. Maalox (B) is an antacid used to treat acid-related conditions, not alkalosis. Potassium chloride elixir (C) is used to correct potassium imbalances, not directly related to alkalosis. Furosemide (D) is a loop diuretic used to treat fluid retention and edema, not specifically indicated for metabolic alkalosis.
Question 4 of 5
Place a washcloth between the skin and tourniquet
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because using a plastic bag to cover the extremity with the device helps to keep the area dry when bathing, preventing the tourniquet from becoming wet and losing its effectiveness. This technique maintains the pressure needed for venipuncture. A, providing a bed bath instead of a shower, is unrelated to the use of a tourniquet. B, using sterile technique for dressing changes, is important for wound care but not relevant to tourniquet use. C, disconnecting intravenous fluid tubing before a bath, is essential for preventing contamination but not directly related to tourniquet management.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse in the medical ICU is caring for a patient who is in respiratory acidosis due to inadequate ventilation. What diagnosis could the patient have that could cause inadequate ventilation?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale: Guillain-Barr syndrome can cause inadequate ventilation due to paralysis of the respiratory muscles. This results in respiratory acidosis. Endocarditis, multiple myeloma, and amphetamine overdose do not directly affect ventilation. Endocarditis is an infection of the heart valves, multiple myeloma is a cancer of plasma cells, and amphetamine overdose primarily affects the central nervous system and cardiovascular system, not ventilation. Therefore, Guillain-Barr syndrome is the most likely diagnosis in this case.
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