ATI Fluid Electrolyte and Acid-Base Regulation

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Apply oxygen by mask or nasal cannula. The client is experiencing respiratory acidosis due to inadequate ventilation and oxygenation during the seizure. Providing oxygen will help improve oxygenation and correct the respiratory acidosis. This is the priority to address the immediate physiological need. Choice B is incorrect as applying a paper bag can lead to rebreathing of carbon dioxide, worsening the respiratory acidosis. Choice C is incorrect as sodium bicarbonate is not indicated in this situation and can potentially worsen the acid-base imbalance. Choice D is incorrect as administering glucose and insulin is not relevant to correcting the respiratory acidosis.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Correct Answer: C Rationale: Asking the patient about allergies to latex or iodine is crucial before starting the IV insertion process. This step ensures patient safety and prevents potential allergic reactions. Knowing the patient's allergies allows the nurse to select appropriate materials for the procedure, reducing the risk of complications. Summary of Other Choices: A: Leaving one hand ungloved is not recommended as it compromises infection control practices. B: Cleansing the skin with normal saline is important but should come after confirming allergies to latex or iodine. D: Removing excessive hair from the site is unnecessary and not a standard practice for starting the IV insertion process.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, infection. The client's symptoms of abdominal pain and feeling warm are indicative of a potential infection, which is a common complication of intraperitoneal therapy. Step-by-step rationale: 1. Abdominal pain can be a sign of peritonitis, an infection of the peritoneal cavity. 2. Feeling warm may indicate a fever, a common symptom of infection. 3. Prompt assessment and treatment of infection are crucial to prevent complications. Summary of other choices: A, allergic reaction - unlikely given the symptoms described; B, bowel obstruction - does not align with the symptoms provided; C, catheter lumen occlusion - not typically associated with abdominal pain and feeling warm.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Excessive administration of chloride. Normal anion gap acidosis is commonly caused by an excessive intake of chloride-containing solutions like normal saline during treatment. This leads to an increase in the plasma chloride concentration, causing a decrease in the anion gap. Metastases (A) are not typically associated with normal anion gap acidosis. Excessive potassium intake (B) would not lead to normal anion gap acidosis but rather hyperkalemia. Water intoxication (C) can lead to dilutional hyponatremia but not normal anion gap acidosis.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Using oxygen may result in the patient developing carbon dioxide narcosis and hypoxemia. In patients with chronic emphysema, their respiratory drive is often triggered by low oxygen levels rather than high carbon dioxide levels. Administering supplemental oxygen can suppress their respiratory drive, leading to carbon dioxide retention (carbon dioxide narcosis) and worsening hypoxemia. This phenomenon is known as "hypoxic drive." Choice A is incorrect because administering oxygen does not lead to a dramatic rise in calcium levels due to pituitary stimulation. Choice B is incorrect because administering oxygen does not typically increase intracranial pressure or cause confusion. Choice C is incorrect because administering oxygen does not directly cause hyperventilation and acidosis in this scenario.