Pharmacology and the Nursing Process Test Bank

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Increased ICP. Decreasing level of consciousness is a classic sign of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) due to the compression of the brain. As ICP rises, it impairs cerebral perfusion leading to altered mental status. Parasympathetic response (B) and sympathetic response (C) are related to autonomic nervous system functions, not consciousness. Increased cerebral blood flow (D) might lead to conditions like hyperemia but does not directly cause a decreased level of consciousness.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hearing loss, vertigo, and tinnitus. Meniere's disease is characterized by a triad of symptoms: recurrent episodes of vertigo, sensorineural hearing loss, and tinnitus. Vertigo is a spinning sensation, hearing loss affects the inner ear, and tinnitus is ringing in the ear. Nausea, vomiting, pain, nystagmus, or headache are not typically part of the classic triad of Meniere's disease symptoms. Therefore, option A is the most appropriate choice based on the specific symptomatology associated with Meniere's disease.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Redness of the upper part of the feet. During lymphangiography, a contrast dye is injected into the lymphatic vessels. This may cause temporary redness in the upper part of the feet due to the dye spreading throughout the lymphatic system. Purplish stools (A), bluish urine (C), and coldness of the soles (D) are not expected side effects of lymphangiography and do not have a direct correlation with the procedure.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Inform the physician. This is essential because a sudden change in vital signs may indicate a critical condition that requires immediate medical attention. The physician needs to be informed promptly to assess the situation and provide appropriate interventions. Summary: - B: Changing environmental settings is not a priority when dealing with sudden changes in vital signs. - C: Altering diet intake is not an immediate response to sudden changes in vital signs. - D: Decreasing physical activity may not address the underlying cause of the sudden change in vital signs.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Glucocorticoids and androgens. The adrenal cortex is divided into three layers, with the outer layer responsible for producing mineralocorticoids like aldosterone, the middle layer producing glucocorticoids like cortisol, and the inner layer producing androgens. Glucocorticoids are essential for regulating metabolism and immune response, while androgens are male sex hormones. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because mineralocorticoids, catecholamines, norepinephrine, and epinephrine are produced by different parts of the adrenal gland, not specifically by the adrenal cortex.