Adult Health Nursing Quizlet Final

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In clients with ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis), death typically occurs within two to three years of diagnosis. This is often due to progressive weakness and degeneration of the muscles involved in breathing, leading to respiratory failure. As the disease advances, the muscles responsible for breathing become increasingly compromised, eventually resulting in the inability to breathe effectively without mechanical ventilation support. Other complications such as aspiration pneumonia and malnutrition may also contribute to the decline in health. Therefore, respiratory failure is the primary cause of death in clients with ALS.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Subacute thyroiditis is an inflammatory disorder of the thyroid gland that causes gland destruction and release of pre-formed thyroid hormone leading to hyperthyroidism. The fine-needle aspiration biopsy findings of granulomatous inflammation and multinucleated giant cells are characteristic of subacute thyroiditis. This condition typically presents with a painful, tender thyroid gland and may be preceded by a viral illness. Unlike Graves' disease, which is an autoimmune disorder resulting in hyperthyroidism with diffuse goiter and positive thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins, subacute thyroiditis is typically self-limited and resolves spontaneously without the need for long-term treatment.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Papillary thyroid carcinoma is the most common type of thyroid cancer and is known for presenting as a painless unilateral enlargement of the thyroid gland. Fine-needle aspiration cytology typically reveals classic features such as numerous microfollicles and psammoma bodies. Thyroglossal duct cyst, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and thyroid adenoma would not typically present with these cytological features or with painless thyroid enlargement as seen in papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The desired nursing action to help the pregnant patient make a decision on breastfeeding is to assist in identifying a breastfeeding goal and plan. When patients are indecisive about breastfeeding, it is essential for the nurse to support them in setting specific goals and creating a plan that aligns with their values and circumstances. This approach can help the patient feel empowered and confident in their decision-making process. Providing pamphlets and books (choice A) may be helpful, but personalized assistance in identifying a breastfeeding goal and plan is more likely to address the patient's individual needs and concerns. Providing ample time for the patient to decide (choice B) is important, but guidance and support in setting a clear goal can facilitate the decision-making process. Referring the patient to a nutritionist (choice C) may be beneficial for dietary concerns but may not directly address the decision-making process regarding breastfeeding.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Albuterol, also known as salbutamol, is a beta-adrenergic agonist medication commonly used for the treatment of conditions such as asthma and COPD. As a beta-adrenergic agonist, albuterol binds to beta-2 adrenergic receptors in the lungs, causing bronchodilation, which helps to relieve bronchospasms and improve airflow to the lungs. This action leads to the relaxation of smooth muscle in the airways, thus making breathing easier for patients with COPD or asthma. Anticholinergics, corticosteroids, and methylxanthines have different mechanisms of action and are not directly related to the pharmacological action of albuterol in COPD treatment.