Foundations and Adult Health Nursing Test Bank

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: When a nurse notices a discrepancy between the surgical consent form and the planned procedure, it is essential to consult the surgeon for clarification. The surgeon is the primary decision-maker regarding the surgical procedure and can provide insight into why the discrepancy exists and how to proceed. It is crucial to ensure that everyone is on the same page before moving forward with the surgery to prevent errors, ensure patient safety, and maintain legal and ethical standards. Consulting the surgeon allows for the issue to be addressed promptly and for the appropriate steps to be taken to resolve the discrepancy before proceeding with the surgery.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Sevelamer is a medication commonly prescribed to reduce serum phosphate levels in patients with chronic kidney disease. Sevelamer is a phosphate binder that works by binding to dietary phosphate in the gut, preventing its absorption into the bloodstream. By reducing serum phosphate levels, sevelamer helps manage complications associated with hyperphosphatemia in chronic kidney disease patients, such as mineral and bone disorders. Other medications like epoetin alfa are used to treat anemia commonly seen in chronic kidney disease patients, while cinacalcet is used to manage secondary hyperparathyroidism. Allopurinol, on the other hand, is used to treat gout by reducing uric acid levels and is not indicated for reducing serum phosphate levels in chronic kidney disease patients.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Meperidine (Demerol) is an opioid analgesic. Overdose of Meperidine can lead to respiratory depression, characterized by slow and shallow breathing. As a result of respiratory depression, hypercapnia, which is an increased level of carbon dioxide in the blood, can occur. This is a serious concern and requires immediate medical intervention to support respiratory function. Therefore, hypercapnia would be the assessment by the nurse that causes a concern for Meperidine overdose.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The nurse's best approach to address non-compliance with prescribed medications and treatment plans is to actively listen to the patient's reasons for non-compliance. By acknowledging and addressing any barriers or concerns the patient may have, the nurse can work collaboratively with the patient to find effective solutions. This approach promotes open communication, trust, and a patient-centered care plan that takes into consideration the patient's individual needs and circumstances. Dismissing the patient's reasons (choice A), ignoring the non-compliance (choice C), or resorting to a confrontational approach (choice D) are less effective strategies that may lead to further resistance and hinder the patient's willingness to engage in their treatment.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is a common surgical procedure performed to repair a torn ACL. This procedure involves replacing the damaged ACL with a graft, often using a portion of the patient's own patellar tendon, hamstring tendon, or an allograft (donor tissue). ACL reconstruction is typically indicated for patients with ACL tears that result in knee instability and functional limitations, especially in active individuals who participate in sports or activities requiring pivoting and cutting movements. Arthroscopic surgery is commonly used to perform ACL reconstruction, allowing for smaller incisions and faster recovery compared to traditional open surgeries. Post-operative rehabilitation and physical therapy are crucial components of the recovery process following ACL reconstruction surgery to optimize outcomes and return to pre-injury activity levels.