microbiology chapter 12 test bank

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: 1. Vaccination introduces antigens to stimulate immune response. 2. T and B cells are activated to produce memory cells for long-lasting protection. 3. Active immunity develops over time post-vaccination. 4. Choice A is correct as it accurately describes the process and outcomes. 5. Choice B is incorrect as it contradicts the process of active immunity. 6. Choice C is incorrect as the process of active immunity is consistent regardless of the situation. 7. Therefore, the correct answer is A as it aligns with the mechanism and characteristics of artificial active immunity.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: peroxisomes. Peroxisomes contain oxidative enzymes, such as catalase and peroxidase, that are capable of oxidizing toxic substances. These enzymes help detoxify harmful molecules by breaking them down into harmless products. Lysosomes (choices B and C) contain hydrolytic enzymes for breaking down cellular waste, not oxidative enzymes. Therefore, the correct choice is peroxisomes due to their specific function in detoxification through oxidation reactions.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D (69%). The UN projects that by 2050, around 69% of the world's population will live in urban areas. This is based on current global urbanization trends and population growth rates. Urban areas are experiencing rapid population growth due to factors like rural-to-urban migration and natural population increase. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they underestimate the expected urban population growth by 2050. A (35%), B (56%), and C (60%) are too low compared to the projected 69%. Urbanization is a significant global trend, and it is essential to consider the implications of this shift for sustainability, infrastructure development, and resource allocation.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: All of the above. Hepatitis B infection can present with jaundice due to liver inflammation, elevated serum aminotransferase levels due to liver damage, and sometimes no symptoms in the acute phase. This comprehensive presentation covers the spectrum of possible clinical manifestations of hepatitis B infection. Choices A and B are correct as they are common manifestations of hepatitis B infection. Choice C is incorrect as hepatitis B infection can indeed present with symptoms, making option D the most appropriate choice.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because the treatment for Anthrax involves using antibiotics such as penicillins, tetracyclines, and macrolides to target the bacteria. Anti-anthrax gamma-globulins and immune-serum are used to provide passive immunity, but they are not the primary treatment. Therefore, options A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not encompass all the necessary components for treating Anthrax. Overall, using a combination of antibiotics and immune-based treatments like gamma-globulins and immune-serum provides a comprehensive approach to managing Anthrax infection.