geriatric nursing exam questions with rationale

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Magicoreligious. This belief involves attributing illness to supernatural forces or divine punishment. In this scenario, the patient's statement implies a belief that her illness is a result of angering God, indicating a magical or religious explanation. Choice A (Biomedical) focuses on scientific and physical causes of illness, which is not reflected in the patient's statement. Choice C (Naturalistic) involves viewing illness as a part of the natural world, without supernatural elements. Choice D (Ayurvedic) is a traditional Indian system of medicine and does not relate to the patient's belief in supernatural punishment.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Difficulty standing up from a seated position. This is a key indicator of potential sarcopenia because sarcopenia is characterized by age-related loss of muscle mass and strength. Difficulty standing up from a seated position can be attributed to muscle weakness, which is a common symptom of sarcopenia. Unintentional weight loss (A) can be a sign of various health issues, not specific to sarcopenia. Loss of appetite (C) can also be caused by a range of factors, not exclusive to sarcopenia. Increased body fat percentage (D) is not a direct indicator of sarcopenia, as the condition primarily involves muscle loss rather than increased body fat.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cognitive decline or dementia. Elder abuse risk assessment in gerontological nursing involves considering cognitive decline or dementia as the most important factor. This is because individuals with cognitive impairments are more vulnerable and may have difficulty recognizing and reporting abuse. Family history of violence (A), history of physical ailments (C), and medication regimen (D) are important factors to consider but do not directly impact the elder abuse risk assessment as significantly as cognitive decline or dementia.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because consistent routines and environmental modifications have been shown to be the most effective approach in reducing agitation and aggression in older adults with dementia. This approach focuses on providing structure and familiarity, which can help decrease confusion and anxiety in individuals with dementia. Physical restraints (A) are not recommended as they can lead to further agitation and pose risks of injury. Increased sedation with antipsychotics (B) should be used as a last resort due to potential side effects and risks. Ignoring the behavior (D) is not appropriate as it can exacerbate the situation and lead to further distress for the individual.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because regular physical activity and joint mobility exercises help improve joint flexibility, reduce pain, and increase strength. This intervention can enhance overall physical function and quality of life for older adults with arthritis. Complete bed rest (A) can lead to muscle weakness and joint stiffness, worsening arthritis symptoms. Increased use of opioid painkillers (C) can have adverse side effects and may not address the root cause of arthritis. Strictly limiting daily activities (D) can lead to decreased mobility and functional decline in older adults.