geriatric nursing exam questions with rationale

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because regular physical activity and joint mobility exercises help improve joint flexibility, reduce pain, and increase strength. This intervention can enhance overall physical function and quality of life for older adults with arthritis. Complete bed rest (A) can lead to muscle weakness and joint stiffness, worsening arthritis symptoms. Increased use of opioid painkillers (C) can have adverse side effects and may not address the root cause of arthritis. Strictly limiting daily activities (D) can lead to decreased mobility and functional decline in older adults.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Provide step-by-step verbal cues to assist the client. This intervention is appropriate for an older adult with dementia as it offers structured support while still promoting independence. Verbal cues can help guide the client through the self-care tasks, maintaining their dignity and autonomy. Option A is incorrect as full independence may be overwhelming and unsafe. Option C is inappropriate and neglectful. Option D may be too demanding for someone with dementia. Verbal cues strike a balance between support and autonomy, making it the best intervention in this scenario.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Identifying goals of care through open conversations with the patient and family. This is crucial because palliative care for older adults should be person-centered and align with their preferences and values. By engaging in open conversations, healthcare providers can understand the individual's goals, values, and wishes, allowing for care to be tailored accordingly. This approach emphasizes holistic care beyond just managing pain and considers the patient's emotional, spiritual, and social needs. Incorrect choices: A: Focusing primarily on managing pain with medications overlooks the importance of addressing other aspects of care. C: Avoiding advanced medical treatments is not always appropriate as each situation should be assessed individually. D: Prescribing hospice care immediately may not be necessary or desired by the patient, as it depends on their specific needs and preferences.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Difficulty standing up from a seated position. This is a key indicator of potential sarcopenia because sarcopenia is characterized by age-related loss of muscle mass and strength. Difficulty standing up from a seated position can be attributed to muscle weakness, which is a common symptom of sarcopenia. Unintentional weight loss (A) can be a sign of various health issues, not specific to sarcopenia. Loss of appetite (C) can also be caused by a range of factors, not exclusive to sarcopenia. Increased body fat percentage (D) is not a direct indicator of sarcopenia, as the condition primarily involves muscle loss rather than increased body fat.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because drinking hot chocolate before bed contains caffeine which can disrupt sleep. A is correct as exercise can promote better sleep. B is correct as smoking can affect sleep quality. D is correct as reading before bed can help relax the mind.