geriatric nursing exam questions with rationale

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because regular physical activity and joint mobility exercises help improve joint flexibility, reduce pain, and increase strength. This intervention can enhance overall physical function and quality of life for older adults with arthritis. Complete bed rest (A) can lead to muscle weakness and joint stiffness, worsening arthritis symptoms. Increased use of opioid painkillers (C) can have adverse side effects and may not address the root cause of arthritis. Strictly limiting daily activities (D) can lead to decreased mobility and functional decline in older adults.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Certified gerontological nurse. This nurse has specialized knowledge and training in caring for elderly patients, aligning with the nursing home's focus on eldercare standards. Certification demonstrates expertise in gerontological nursing. A: A nurse from a certified college may not necessarily have specialized training in gerontological nursing. B: Experience is valuable, but without specific gerontological training, the nurse may lack the specialized skills required for eldercare. D: A gerontological nurse practitioner has advanced training, but for direct patient care in a nursing home setting, a certified gerontological nurse may be a better fit.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: sleep apnea. Sleep apnea is a sleep disorder characterized by pauses in breathing during sleep, which does not directly cause pneumonia. Aspiration from a poor swallow (A), community acquired pneumonia (B), and compromised immune function (D) are all known risk factors for pneumonia in older adults. Aspiration can lead to the entry of bacteria into the lungs, community-acquired pneumonia is a common cause of infection in the elderly, and compromised immune function makes older adults more susceptible to infections. Thus, sleep apnea is the only option that does not directly contribute to the development of pneumonia in older clients.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Provide step-by-step verbal cues to assist the client. This intervention is appropriate for an older adult with dementia as it offers structured support while still promoting independence. Verbal cues can help guide the client through the self-care tasks, maintaining their dignity and autonomy. Option A is incorrect as full independence may be overwhelming and unsafe. Option C is inappropriate and neglectful. Option D may be too demanding for someone with dementia. Verbal cues strike a balance between support and autonomy, making it the best intervention in this scenario.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because learning advanced knitting techniques adds to the existing knowledge base of older women. This activity stimulates cognitive functioning, enhances problem-solving skills, and fosters creativity. It also helps maintain mental acuity and memory. Choice A is incorrect because although knitting may involve hand movements, it primarily benefits cognitive functions. Choice B is incorrect as the primary focus is on individual learning rather than group cohesion. Choice C is incorrect as the main purpose of the activity is intellectual growth rather than social interaction.