Kaplan and Sadocks Synopsis of Psychiatry Questions

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Losing control over her emotions. The teen's statement indicates a fear of losing control if she starts crying. This fear suggests that she believes crying will lead to an inability to stop, indicating a concern about managing her emotions. This fear of losing control over her emotions aligns with the teen's hesitance to express her grief through tears. A: Appearing emotionally immature - This choice is incorrect as the teen's statement does not directly suggest a fear of appearing emotionally immature. B: Embarrassing herself by crying in public - This choice is incorrect as the teen's statement does not mention a fear of embarrassment. C: Losing the support of her friends and family - This choice is incorrect as the teen's statement does not indicate a fear of losing support from others.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Comparing the child�s experiences to the new material. At the age of 8, children are in the concrete operational stage according to Piaget's cognitive development theory. This stage is characterized by the ability to think logically about concrete events and understand the concept of conservation. By comparing the child's experiences to the new material, the parents are helping the child make connections between what they already know and the new information, which facilitates understanding. Drawing and illustrations (choice A) are helpful for visual learners but may not necessarily tap into the child's cognitive development stage. Encouraging the child to talk about new information (choice C) is beneficial for communication skills but may not directly address cognitive development. Asking the child to give a reason for how they feel about new information (choice D) focuses more on emotions rather than cognitive understanding.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Behavioral health home care. This option provides ongoing assessment, socialization opportunities, and education about medication and relapse prevention, which are all essential for the elderly patient with major depression. Additionally, it allows the patient to stay in their own home environment, promoting comfort and familiarity. Option B: Partial hospitalization may not provide the ongoing support and socialization opportunities needed for the patient. Option C: A skilled nursing facility may offer medical care but may not focus on mental health needs or socialization. Option D: A halfway house is typically for individuals transitioning from addiction treatment and may not address the specific needs of an elderly patient with major depression.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: 1. Educating the patient and family is crucial as it helps alleviate anxiety and ensures informed consent. 2. Monitoring vital signs (A) should be done before, during, and after the procedure, not necessarily in a specific order. 3. Medication administration (B) should be based on physician's orders but is not the initial step. 4. Checking a signed consent (D) is important but typically done before proceeding with any procedure, not necessarily in a specific order.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because it accurately reflects the typical memory impairment after ECT treatments. ECT affects both recent and remote memory, leading to profound confusion and cognitive difficulties. This is due to the disruption of neural pathways involved in memory consolidation and retrieval. Choice A is incorrect as ECT does have predictable effects on memory. Choice B is incorrect because patients typically have more difficulty with recent memory than remote memory. Choice C is also incorrect as patients usually experience more than just mild difficulty remembering recent events; the memory impairment is more severe than just forgetting what was eaten for breakfast.