Foundations and Adult Health Nursing Test Bank

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Uterine rupture is a serious obstetric emergency that involves a tear or rupture of the uterine wall during pregnancy. In this scenario, the pregnant woman with severe lower abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding, and a tender, distended abdomen is showing signs consistent with uterine rupture. These symptoms are typically not seen with other conditions listed.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In cases where a patient becomes seriously ill or is harmed due to receiving the wrong medication, both the nurse and the hospital are likely to be held liable. The nurse is responsible for administering the correct medication to the patient, and any error in this process can lead to harm. The hospital may also be held liable for the actions of its employees, including nurses, under the legal principle of vicarious liability. Additionally, the hospital has a duty to ensure that proper protocols are in place to prevent medication errors, and failure to do so can lead to liability. Therefore, in this scenario, both the nurse and the hospital are likely to share liability for the patient's harm.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: A vegetative state, now more commonly referred to as unresponsive wakefulness syndrome, describes a condition where the patient is awake but with no awareness of themselves or their surroundings. This state usually follows a severe brain injury, such as traumatic brain injury. Patients in a vegetative state may have sleep-wake cycles, open their eyes, and even exhibit reflex movements, but they do not demonstrate any meaningful interaction with the environment. Differentiating between coma and vegetative state is important, as coma implies a complete lack of consciousness, while patients in a vegetative state have preserved wakefulness without awareness. Minimally conscious state (choice C) refers to a condition where there are some minimal signs of awareness or purposeful interaction, making it a different state than the one described in the scenario. Locked-in syndrome (choice D) is a condition where the patient is conscious and aware but unable to move or communicate due to paralysis, which is not consistent

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Conducting a year-end performance evaluation of the staff is an example of a controlling function in management. Controlling involves monitoring and evaluating the performance of employees to ensure that they are working effectively and meeting the set goals and standards. By assessing the staff's performance at the end of the year, managers can identify areas of improvement, provide feedback, and make necessary adjustments to ensure the overall success of the organization. Hence, the process of evaluating staff performance falls under the controlling function of management.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Dendritic cells play a critical role in initiating adaptive immune responses by capturing antigens from pathogens, migrating to lymphoid organs, and presenting these antigens to naïve T cells. This activation of naïve T cells by dendritic cells is essential for the adaptive immune system to generate specific immune responses against pathogens. Dendritic cells act as professional antigen-presenting cells, which are specialized to capture, process, and present antigens to T cells, thereby facilitating the activation of T cells and the coordination of adaptive immune responses, such as the production of specific antibodies and the generation of memory T cells.