Nursing a Concept Based Approach to Learning Test Bank

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A. Take the medication as directed with clear water only: Alendronate should be taken with a full glass of plain water on an empty stomach in the morning at least 30 minutes before consuming any food, drink, or other medications. Avoid taking it with any other liquids besides plain water, as other beverages can interfere with the absorption of the drug.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: High blood pressure, also known as hypertension, is a significant risk factor for the development of cardiomyopathy. Cardiomyopathy is a condition where the heart muscle becomes weakened or enlarged, affecting its ability to pump blood effectively. If left untreated, high blood pressure can lead to chronic stress on the heart muscle, ultimately causing cardiomyopathy. The client's reluctance to take medication for high blood pressure puts them at an increased risk of developing cardiomyopathy due to the continued strain on the heart over time. It is essential for the client to understand the potential consequences of uncontrolled hypertension and to work with healthcare providers to find a suitable treatment plan to manage their blood pressure effectively and prevent the development of cardiomyopathy.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: An epiphyseal fracture involves the distal or proximal epiphysis of a long bone, such as the femur, tibia, or humerus. Long bones are characterized by having a long shaft with distinct ends (epiphyses). The epiphysis is the site of bone growth and plays a crucial role in bone development. Therefore, understanding the classification of the bone as long helps the nurse in providing appropriate care for the patient with an epiphyseal fracture, such as monitoring growth plate involvement and ensuring proper immobilization for healing.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Anticoagulant therapy, specifically heparin, is commonly used as the initial treatment for pulmonary embolism (PE) because it inhibits the formation of additional clots by altering the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors. Heparin works quickly and can be administered intravenously to rapidly prevent the clot from growing in size. Warfarin, another anticoagulant, is generally started after heparin therapy is initiated to provide long-term anticoagulation. Major hemorrhage is a potential side effect of anticoagulant therapy, but it is not considered common. The initiation of heparin and warfarin (Coumadin) at the same time is not standard practice due to the differing mechanisms of action and monitoring required for each medication. Anticoagulant therapy is considered first-line treatment for PE, not second-line.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The nurse should ask the patient if she completed the antibiotic prescribed for the first urinary tract infection because it is important to determine if the initial infection was fully treated. If the antibiotic course was not completed as prescribed, it could lead to a recurrence of the infection due to incomplete eradication of the bacteria. Additionally, incomplete treatment can lead to antibiotic resistance, making it harder to treat future infections. Understanding if the patient followed through with the prescribed treatment is crucial in assessing the current situation and planning appropriate interventions.