ATI Fluid Electrolyte and Acid-Base Regulation

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Respiratory acidosis. A low pH (7.21) indicates acidosis. The elevated PaCO2 (64 mm Hg) indicates respiratory acidosis, as high CO2 levels lead to carbonic acid formation, decreasing pH. The normal HCO3 (24 mm Hg) suggests compensation for the respiratory acidosis. Other choices are incorrect as they do not align with the ABG values provided. Metabolic alkalosis (B) would have a high pH and HCO3, respiratory alkalosis (C) would have a high pH and low PaCO2, and metabolic acidosis (D) would have a low pH and HCO3.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because upper extremity swelling could indicate a potential complication such as deep vein thrombosis, which is a serious condition requiring immediate attention to prevent further complications. Swelling can impede blood flow and lead to clot formation. A: The initial site dressing being 3 days old is concerning for infection but not an immediate threat. B: The PICC being inserted 4 weeks ago may increase infection risk but does not require immediate attention. C: A missing securement device may increase the risk of dislodgement but is not an immediate threat compared to potential vascular compromise indicated by upper extremity swelling.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Beef. While beef is a good source of protein, it is not high in phosphate. Milk, poultry, and liver are high in phosphate and would be beneficial for a patient with hypophosphatemia. Beef is not typically a significant source of phosphate and therefore would not be as effective in increasing phosphate levels in the body compared to the other options. It is important for the patient to focus on consuming foods that are high in phosphate to help correct the hypophosphatemia.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: C is correct because in renal failure, the kidneys lose the ability to regenerate and reabsorb bicarbonate, which is essential for maintaining a stable pH level in the body. B is incorrect because the kidneys primarily regulate pH by controlling bicarbonate levels, not through electrolyte changes. A is incorrect because the kidneys do not regulate carbonic acid in the same way. D is incorrect as it does not accurately describe the process of pH regulation in the kidneys.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Kussmaul respirations. In acute pancreatitis, metabolic acidosis can occur due to the release of pancreatic enzymes. Kussmaul respirations are deep, rapid breaths that help to blow off excess carbon dioxide in response to acidosis, aiming to correct the pH imbalance. Agitation (A) is a nonspecific symptom and not specific to acid-base imbalances. Seizures (C) are more commonly associated with electrolyte imbalances such as hyponatremia or hypocalcemia. Positive Chvostek's sign (D) is a clinical sign of hypocalcemia, not directly related to acid-base imbalances in acute pancreatitis.