ATI Fluid Electrolyte and Acid-Base Regulation

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ATI Fluid Electrolyte and Acid-Base Regulation Questions

Question 1 of 5

A patient who is being treated for pneumonia starts complaining of sudden shortness of breath. An arterial blood gas (ABG) is drawn. The ABG has the following values: pH 7.21, PaCO2 64 mm Hg, HCO3 = 24 mm Hg. What does the ABG reflect?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Respiratory acidosis. A low pH (7.21) indicates acidosis. The elevated PaCO2 (64 mm Hg) indicates respiratory acidosis, as high CO2 levels lead to carbonic acid formation, decreasing pH. The normal HCO3 (24 mm Hg) suggests compensation for the respiratory acidosis. Other choices are incorrect as they do not align with the ABG values provided. Metabolic alkalosis (B) would have a high pH and HCO3, respiratory alkalosis (C) would have a high pH and low PaCO2, and metabolic acidosis (D) would have a low pH and HCO3.

Question 2 of 5

A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing moderate metabolic alkalosis. Which action should the nurse take?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Teach the client fall prevention measures. In metabolic alkalosis, the client may experience muscle weakness and confusion, increasing the risk of falls. Teaching fall prevention measures is essential to ensure the client's safety. Monitoring hemoglobin and hematocrit values (A) is not directly related to managing metabolic alkalosis. Administering furosemide (B) is not appropriate for metabolic alkalosis. Encouraging deep breaths (C) may not address the underlying cause of the alkalosis.

Question 3 of 5

You are an emergency-room nurse caring for a trauma patient. Your patient has the following arterial blood gas results: pH 7.26, PaCO2 28, HCO3 11 mEq/L. How would you interpret these results?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: To interpret the given ABG results: 1. pH <7.35 indicates acidosis. 2. PaCO2 <35 indicates respiratory alkalosis. 3. HCO3 <22 indicates metabolic acidosis. Therefore, the ABG results show metabolic acidosis (low pH, low HCO3) with compensatory respiratory alkalosis (low PaCO2). This means the body is trying to compensate for the metabolic acidosis by decreasing PaCO2 through hyperventilation. Option D is correct. Options A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not align with the ABG results and the principles of acid-base balance.

Question 4 of 5

. A nurse is planning care for a nephrology patient with a new nursing graduate. The nurse states, A patient in renal failure partially loses the ability to regulate changes in pH. What is the cause of this partial inability?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: C is correct because in renal failure, the kidneys lose the ability to regenerate and reabsorb bicarbonate, which is essential for maintaining a stable pH level in the body. B is incorrect because the kidneys primarily regulate pH by controlling bicarbonate levels, not through electrolyte changes. A is incorrect because the kidneys do not regulate carbonic acid in the same way. D is incorrect as it does not accurately describe the process of pH regulation in the kidneys.

Question 5 of 5

A client at risk for mild hypernatremia is being taught by a nurse. Which statement should the nurse include in this client's teaching?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Reading food labels to determine sodium content is important in managing mild hypernatremia. This allows the client to monitor and control their sodium intake, which can help prevent further elevation of sodium levels. Weighing oneself or checking the pulse does not directly address sodium intake. Choosing cooking methods like baking or grilling is more about reducing fat intake, not sodium.

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