Foundations and Adult Health Nursing Study Guide Answers

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The patient's presentation of sudden-onset weakness and sensory loss on one side of the body, along with difficulty speaking and understanding speech that partially resolved within one hour, is consistent with a transient ischemic attack (TIA). TIAs are caused by temporary disruption of blood flow to a part of the brain, leading to transient neurological symptoms. Unlike an ischemic stroke, which results in permanent damage to brain tissue due to prolonged interruption of blood flow, TIAs are transient and resolve within 24 hours. Hemorrhagic strokes and subarachnoid hemorrhages typically present with sudden, severe headaches, and may not improve or resolve quickly as seen in this case.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The symptoms described - muscle weakness, fatigue, constipation, hyperpigmentation of the skin, low serum cortisol levels, and elevated ACTH levels - are classic findings in Addison's disease. Addison's disease is a primary adrenal insufficiency characterized by the insufficient production of cortisol and, to some extent, aldosterone. The low cortisol levels result in symptoms such as muscle weakness, fatigue, and skin hyperpigmentation due to increased levels of ACTH stimulating melanin production. In contrast, in conditions like hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and diabetes mellitus, the symptoms and laboratory findings would not fully align with those described in the patient in this scenario.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Participating in professional organizations can provide Nurse Bea with numerous opportunities to network with other professionals in the field, stay updated with the latest trends and developments in nursing, access resources for professional growth, and even participate in leadership roles within the organization. Being active in a professional organization can help Nurse Bea build her professional profile, gain recognition, and open up possibilities for career advancement and opportunities for collaboration and learning from peers. It can also help her stay connected with the broader nursing community and enhance her visibility within the field. Engaging with a professional organization is a valuable way for Nurse Bea to enhance her career alongside pursuing further education.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The nurse's priority action when noticing an abnormal heart rhythm on the patient's cardiac monitor during surgery is to assess the patient's vital signs and symptoms. This is important because the nurse needs to gather more information about the patient's condition to determine the significance of the abnormal rhythm and the potential impact on the patient's health. By assessing the vital signs and symptoms, the nurse can obtain a more complete picture of the situation and make informed decisions about the next steps in caring for the patient. Once the assessment is done, appropriate actions such as administering medication or notifying the anesthesiologist can be taken based on the findings.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Phlebitis is the most common complication that patients may contract while on IV therapy. Phlebitis is the inflammation of the vein where the IV is inserted, which can cause redness, pain, and swelling along the vein. It can be caused by mechanical irritation, chemical irritation, or infection from the IV catheter. Prompt removal of the IV catheter and appropriate treatment are necessary to manage phlebitis and prevent further complications. While embolism, cardiac overload, and aneurysm are potential complications of IV therapy, phlebitis is more commonly seen in clinical practice.