Adult Health Med Surg Nursing Test Banks

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The most likely causative agent in this scenario is Borrelia burgdorferi, which is the bacterium responsible for causing Lyme disease. The classic presentation of Lyme disease includes fever, malaise, and a skin lesion resembling a "bull's eye" rash, known as erythema migrans. This rash typically appears at the site of a tick bite. If left untreated, Lyme disease can progress to involve multiple organ systems and lead to more severe complications. Plasmodium falciparum is the causative agent of malaria, which typically presents with symptoms such as fever, chills, and fatigue, but it does not cause a "bull's eye" rash. Trypanosoma cruzi is the parasite responsible for Chagas disease, which presents with symptoms such as fever, swelling at the site of entry (typically the bite wound), and enlarged lymph nodes, but it does not

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The patient's presentation of urinary frequency, urgency, dysuria, and suprapubic pain along with the urinalysis findings of pyuria (pus in the urine) and bacteriuria (bacteria in the urine) are highly suggestive of a urinary tract infection (UTI). UTIs are one of the most common types of bacterial infections seen in clinical practice. The symptoms described are classic for a lower urinary tract infection. The presence of pyuria and bacteriuria on urinalysis further supports the diagnosis of a UTI. Acute glomerulonephritis typically presents with hematuria, proteinuria, hypertension, and edema. Chronic kidney disease is often asymptomatic in early stages and presents with symptoms like fatigue, edema, and changes in urination later on. Renal calculi are associated with severe colicky flank pain that can radiate to the groin, and they may present with

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Attrition is the dental condition characterized by the abnormal wearing away of tooth structure due to factors such as bruxism (grinding or clenching of teeth) or acidic erosion. Bruxism can cause tooth-to-tooth contact that leads to the wearing down of the tooth enamel and eventually can affect deeper layers of the tooth. Acidic erosion, on the other hand, is caused by the direct contact of teeth with acidic substances, which can lead to the gradual loss of tooth structure over time. Dental caries refers to tooth decay caused by bacteria, abrasion involves wearing away of tooth structure due to external factors like improper brushing habits, and erosion specifically relates to the loss of tooth structure caused by acidic substances.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Demonstrating tandem breastfeeding positions and techniques should be prioritized as the nursing intervention to address the client's concerns about breastfeeding both infants simultaneously. Tandem breastfeeding involves nursing twins at the same time and can help enhance milk production, promote bonding with both infants, and save time for the mother. By showing the client the proper positions and techniques for tandem breastfeeding, the nurse can empower the client with the knowledge and skills needed to successfully breastfeed both infants together. This intervention can ultimately support the client in feeling more confident and competent in managing the challenges of breastfeeding twins.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The best action the nurse should prioritize to enhance patient comfort during a colposcopy procedure is to explain the procedure steps and provide emotional support to the patient. Colposcopy is a procedure that involves examining the cervix, vagina, and vulva closely. Patients may feel anxious or uncomfortable during the procedure due to the sensitive nature of the area being examined and the potential concerns related to abnormal cervical cytology results. By explaining the procedure steps in detail before starting and providing emotional support, the nurse can help alleviate the patient's fears and anxieties, thereby enhancing their comfort and promoting a more positive experience overall. Additionally, establishing good communication and trust with the patient can also improve their cooperation during the procedure. Administering sedation, applying a topical anesthetic cream, and allowing a support person to be present are all important factors in providing holistic care as well, but the initial priority should be on communication and emotional support.