Adult Health Nursing Study Guide Answers

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Acute pyelonephritis is the most likely condition based on the patient presentation and urinalysis findings described. Acute pyelonephritis is an infection of the renal parenchyma and pelvis, typically caused by ascending bacteria from the lower urinary tract. The classic symptoms include fever, chills, flank pain, and costovertebral angle tenderness (tenderness over the kidneys). The presence of pyuria (pus in the urine) and bacteriuria (bacteria in the urine) on urinalysis further supports the diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis. It is crucial to diagnose and treat acute pyelonephritis promptly to prevent complications and recurrent infections.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The patient's presentation of fatigue, weakness, jaundice, elevated indirect bilirubin levels, reticulocytosis, and positive Coombs test is consistent with hemolytic anemia. Among the options provided, hereditary spherocytosis is the most likely condition to cause these findings.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Task A, obtaining special food for the patient when she requests it, can be delegated to the nursing assistant. This task involves simple assistance with gathering food items and does not require specific medical knowledge or interventions. Tasks B, C, and D involve more direct patient care and assessment, which should be performed by the nursing staff who have the necessary training and expertise to address the complexities of anorexia nervosa.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the nurse's failure to promptly prepare the patient for transfer to a tertiary hospital resulted in the patient's death. This situation falls under the category of malpractice, which refers to professional negligence or failure to provide a standard level of care that results in harm to a patient. The nurse had a duty to ensure the patient's timely transfer and by delaying the necessary actions, the nurse failed to uphold this duty, leading to a tragic outcome. Murder, assault, and battery are criminal offenses that do not fit the circumstances described in the scenario.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Acute pyelonephritis is the most likely condition based on the patient presentation and urinalysis findings described. Acute pyelonephritis is an infection of the renal parenchyma and pelvis, typically caused by ascending bacteria from the lower urinary tract. The classic symptoms include fever, chills, flank pain, and costovertebral angle tenderness (tenderness over the kidneys). The presence of pyuria (pus in the urine) and bacteriuria (bacteria in the urine) on urinalysis further supports the diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis. It is crucial to diagnose and treat acute pyelonephritis promptly to prevent complications and recurrent infections.