Health Assessment and Physical Examination Test Bank

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The symptom described - sharp, aching chest pain that increases with breathing - is typically associated with musculoskeletal issues. The pain worsening with breathing suggests a connection to the movements of the chest wall, which could involve the muscles, bones, or joints in that area. Conditions such as costochondritis (inflammation of the cartilage that connects a rib to the breastbone) or muscle strains in the chest wall are common causes of chest pain that worsens with breathing. This localization to the musculoskeletal system is based on the characteristics of the pain and how it is affected by breathing, helping to narrow down the differential diagnosis.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A tender, painful swelling of the scrotum is a common symptom of acute epididymitis, which is the inflammation of the epididymis. The epididymis is a tube located at the back of the testicle that stores and transports sperm. In acute epididymitis, the swelling is usually accompanied by pain, tenderness, redness, and warmth in the affected area. Other symptoms may include fever, chills, and discharge from the penis. Prompt medical evaluation and treatment are necessary to prevent complications such as abscess formation or chronic epididymitis. Strangulated inguinal hernia and torsion of the spermatic cord may present with severe pain and swelling in the scrotum, but they have distinct mechanisms and require different management approaches.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The symptom described - sharp, aching chest pain that increases with breathing - is typically associated with musculoskeletal issues. The pain worsening with breathing suggests a connection to the movements of the chest wall, which could involve the muscles, bones, or joints in that area. Conditions such as costochondritis (inflammation of the cartilage that connects a rib to the breastbone) or muscle strains in the chest wall are common causes of chest pain that worsens with breathing. This localization to the musculoskeletal system is based on the characteristics of the pain and how it is affected by breathing, helping to narrow down the differential diagnosis.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: A stage 3 pressure ulcer involves full-thickness skin loss with damage and necrosis of the subcutaneous tissue, but the underlying muscle is not affected. In this case, the description of the full-thickness skin loss with involvement of the subcutaneous tissue but not the muscle corresponds to a stage 3 pressure ulcer. Stage 1 involves intact skin with non-blanchable redness, stage 2 involves partial-thickness skin loss with a shallow open ulcer, and stage 4 involves full-thickness tissue loss with the involvement of muscle, bone, or supporting structures.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Mrs. Fletcher's symptoms of unilateral pain during chewing, which is chronic, without facial tenderness or tenderness of the scalp are more suggestive of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) syndrome rather than other conditions listed. TMJ syndrome is characterized by pain and dysfunction of the jaw muscles and the joints that connect the jaw to the skull. The pain is often worsened by chewing or opening the mouth widely. In this case, the absence of facial tenderness or signs of temporal arteritis makes these conditions less likely. Trigeminal neuralgia typically presents with sudden, severe facial pain in the distribution of the trigeminal nerve. Tumor of the mandible would likely present with other symptoms such as swelling, bone destruction, or difficulty with mouth opening and chewing. Temporal arteritis usually presents with symptoms such as headache, scalp tenderness, and visual disturbances. Given Mrs. Fletcher's presentation,