foundation of nursing questions and answers

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: Administering a smooth-muscle relaxant is the most appropriate nursing action to relieve bladder spasms post-TURP. The smooth-muscle relaxant helps relax the bladder muscles, reducing spasms and discomfort. Applying a cold compress (choice A) may provide temporary relief but won't address the underlying cause. Notifying the urologist (choice B) is important but not the immediate action for relieving spasms. Irrigating the catheter with normal saline (choice C) may not effectively address the spasms. Administering a smooth-muscle relaxant is the best choice for prompt relief.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because brachytherapy does not pose a risk to the patient's daughter or her unborn child. Brachytherapy involves placing radioactive sources inside or near the tumor, which does not make the patient radioactive. The radiation does not travel far and does not pose a risk to others. Therefore, the daughter and her infant are safe from any radiation exposure. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because there is no need for the patient to avoid contact with the baby after delivery, the brachytherapy is not contraindicated for safety reasons, and there is no requirement for the patient to avoid close contact with his daughter for 2 months.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 3 minutes. After administering the first eye drop, waiting for 3 minutes before instilling the second medication allows for proper absorption and effectiveness of each medication. This interval prevents dilution or interaction between the medications. Option A (30 seconds) is too short, not allowing sufficient time for absorption. Option B (1 minute) is also inadequate for proper absorption. Option D (5 minutes) is unnecessarily long and may lead to patient discomfort or inconvenience.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Having emergency equipment readily available is crucial during allergy skin testing as it can lead to severe allergic reactions. This precaution ensures prompt intervention in case of anaphylaxis. Other choices are incorrect because: A) Recent immunizations do not directly impact the skin testing process. B) Administering albuterol is not a standard pre-test requirement. C) Prophylactic epinephrine is not routinely given before allergy skin testing.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Sandostatin. This drug is a somatostatin analog that can help manage HIV-related chronic severe diarrhea by reducing gastrointestinal secretions. Sandostatin works by inhibiting the release of various hormones and neurotransmitters in the gut, which can help control diarrhea in HIV patients. Rationale: A: Zithromax is an antibiotic that is not typically used to manage chronic severe diarrhea in HIV patients. C: Levaquin is also an antibiotic and not indicated for managing diarrhea in HIV patients. D: Biaxin is another antibiotic and not the appropriate choice for managing chronic severe diarrhea in HIV patients. In summary, Sandostatin is the correct choice as it specifically targets the underlying cause of diarrhea in HIV patients by reducing gastrointestinal secretions, whereas the other options are antibiotics that are not indicated for this purpose.