foundation of nursing questions and answers

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hematoma at the surgical site. This is a potential complication of cervical discectomy due to the risk of bleeding post-surgery. Hematoma can compress nearby structures and lead to increased pain and swelling. A: Vertebral fracture is not a typical complication of cervical discectomy, as the surgery aims to relieve pressure on the spinal cord caused by a herniated disc, not to cause fractures. C: Scoliosis is a condition characterized by abnormal lateral curvature of the spine, and it is not directly related to cervical discectomy. D: Renal trauma is not a common complication of cervical discectomy, as the surgery focuses on the cervical spine and does not involve the kidneys or renal system.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because providing small, frequent nutrient-dense meals helps maximize kilocalories, which is important for patients with AIDS who may have difficulty maintaining weight due to their compromised immune system. This approach ensures the patient receives essential nutrients and energy to support their immune function. Choice B is incorrect as there is no evidence to suggest that hot meals are more easily tolerated by AIDS patients. Choice C is incorrect because limiting liquids can lead to dehydration, which is especially detrimental for individuals with weakened immune systems. Choice D is incorrect as encouraging the intake of fatty foods may not necessarily provide the necessary nutrients and energy required for immune support in AIDS patients.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 3 minutes. After administering the first eye drop, waiting for 3 minutes before instilling the second medication allows for proper absorption and effectiveness of each medication. This interval prevents dilution or interaction between the medications. Option A (30 seconds) is too short, not allowing sufficient time for absorption. Option B (1 minute) is also inadequate for proper absorption. Option D (5 minutes) is unnecessarily long and may lead to patient discomfort or inconvenience.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, emptying the pouch if it is more than one-third to one-half full. This action is appropriate to prevent leakage and skin irritation. When the pouch becomes too full, it can put pressure on the seal, leading to potential leaks. Emptying the pouch at one-third to one-half fullness helps maintain a secure seal and prevents skin breakdown. Choice A is incorrect because changing the skin barrier portion of the ostomy pouch daily is unnecessary and can lead to skin irritation and breakdown. Choice C is incorrect because cleansing the skin around the stoma with soap and water excessively can strip the skin of its natural oils and cause irritation. Choice D is incorrect because leaving a 1/2-inch space around the stoma when measuring for the barrier device may result in an improper fit, leading to leakage and skin issues.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Assess the integrity of the patients oral mucosa regularly. Myelosuppression leads to decreased white blood cells, increasing infection risk. The oral mucosa can be a common site for infections. Regular assessment helps in early detection and intervention. A: Encouraging small meals does not directly address infection risk in myelosuppressed patients. B: Providing skin care is important for overall patient care but does not directly address the leading cause of infection-related death. C: Assisting with hygiene is important but does not specifically target the leading cause of infection-related death in oncology patients.